Humanitarian aid
Provided for humanitarian purposes, typically in response to humanitarian crises and natural disasters.
Bilateral aid
Aid given from one government directly to another.
Multilateral aid
- International organisations providing aid to LLEDC and LEDC countries.
- Includes the world band and the international monetary funds.
Summarise the debt crisis
- Originates in the 1970s when banks in the rich world lent money to third world governments.
- Rich countries started giving money to poor countries due to modernisation theory.
- This serves capitalist interests in the short term; poor countries invested in infrastructure and became more stable capitalist. (However money was often wasted)
- An economic crash in the 1970s/80s meant that rich countries couldn’t afford good such as oils.
George (1991)
- The six boomerangs
- Environment
- Unemployment
- Drugs
- Migration
- Taxes
- War
Benefits of Irish aid in Ethiopia
- Supported new technology and research.
- Supported the rainfall with wells, farmers to develop crop variants and teaches farmers new skills.
- Since operational research began harvests more than doubles and farmers were producing in surplus.
- Transformed over 6000 farming families/
What alternatives to traditional aid are there?
In response to corruption, there are websites like kiva where you invest in small businesses with the chance of a return means that the aid is received directly by those in need.
Modernisation argument
The rich could provide aid (in the form of capital, enterprise and technology) as a helping hand to those who were behind on the road to prosperity and mass consumption.
Paul Collier (2007)
- Estimates, over the past 30 years, aid has added 1% annual growth rate of countries of the ‘bottom billion’.
- Aid may not have led to development but it has stopped the situation getting worse.
Challenges to Bauer
- It’s the chance that leads to an individual being born into a thirld world country as opposed to the North.
- A person born into poverty in Africa doesn’t have the same life chances as someone born into the North.
- It can be argues on the grounds of ethical justice that giving aid is a moral imperative.
- If aid helps improving life chances, it’s worth it.
Dambisa Moyo
- Dead aid
- In 1970, 10% of Africa was in poverty, now it’s around 80%; aid doesn’t work.
- Moyo wants western countries to end aid and instead encourage marketisation.
- In order to develop you need a right wing capitalist approach.
- Dictators such as Mugabe are just wasting money.
- ‘Aid makes good governments bad and bad governments worse’
Samura (2008)
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Uganda
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Neoliberal argument
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Peter Bauer (1995)
- ## Third world countries are responsible for their own poverty.
Neo Marxist argument
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Hayter
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Social democratic argument
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