Industrialisation

Question 1

When did Britain’s industrial revolution roughly start?

Answer 1

1700-1750

Question 2

When did countries such as France and the USA start to industrialize?

Answer 2

By the mid 19th century.

Question 3

When did many non-western countries start to industrialize?

Answer 3

• Mid 20th century.

- Some arguably have not industrialized comprehensively even today.

Question 4

What is import substitution industrialization?

Answer 4

• Common in the developing world in the 50s/60s
• Based on the production of domestic consumer goods to replace imported ones
• Domestic production for domestic consumption (eg.Argentina,Brazil,India)
• Led to tariffs,importing raw materials and inflation.

Question 5

What is export oriented industrialization?

Answer 5

• Shift towards this in the 70s/80s
• An industrialisation strategy based on a production for export
• Can be seen to be foreshadowing/part of neoliberal policies
• Asian tigers (NICS) arguably adopted these policies in the 50s/60s and they proved successful.

Question 6

What are the consequences of industrialization?

Answer 6

• Urbanisation
• Migration
• Environmental degradation
• Slum housing

Question 7

Slum housing in Manila

Answer 7

• In 10 years the population grew by 1/3.
• Some have to live in areas prone to flooding.
• Contagious diseases spread fast but many cannot afford treatment.
• Filthy beaches filled with rubbish washed up from waters. Kids used this as a playground.
• Maternity wards are filled. This puts pressure on local services like schools (with 6000 students) and hospitals (with 5 mothers per bed).