Amides - PL

Question 1

What are the boiling points of amides

Answer 1

relatively high as can from hydrogen bonds

Question 2

What do you always need to include when labelling amides

Answer 2

if its primary/secondary/tertiary

Question 3

Primary/secondary/tertiary amide definition

Answer 3

when only 1/2/3 carbon(s) is bonded to the nitrogen
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Question 4

How to made amides and what type of reaction is it

Answer 4

by reacting an amine with an acyl chloride to make an amide and HCl (https://content.bartleby.com/tbms-images/9780134042282/Chapter-15/images/42282-15.11-33p_image001.png)
condensation reaction

Question 5

What conditions are needed when making amides and why

Answer 5

anhydrous conditions as it the acyl chloride reacts with water it will form a carboxylic acid
in industry they use a c.acid instead of acyl chloride but need high temp and pressure

Question 6

What reaction is used to break an amide

Answer 6

hydrolysis reaction

Question 7

How to break an amide

Answer 7

acid/alkali catalyst = use 4-6mol/dm3 of the catalyst and reflux.
1. break the bond (bond between the double bond O and the N)
2. add water to produce the amine and carboxylic acid
3. consider if products react with catalyst

Question 8

When breaking an amide will the amine and carboxylic acid react with the acid catalyst and what will the final products be

Answer 8

carboxylic acid won’t react (as both acids)
amine will react with acid and produces a protonated amine
Final products = protonated amine and carboxylic acid

Question 9

When breaking an amide will the amine and carboxylic acid react with the alkali catalyst and what will the final products be

Answer 9

carboxylic acid will react and forms a carboxylate ion
amine won’t react (as both bases)
Final products = amine and carboxylate ion (add strong acid to go back into carboxylic acid)