Amines - PL

Question 1

Definition of a primary amine

Answer 1

when the nitrogen is bonded to only one carbon
https://www.chemistrystudent.com/images/A2Organic/amides/organicchemistryamines1blank.png

Question 2

Definition of a secondary amine

Answer 2

when the nitrogen is bonded to two carbons
https://www.chemistrystudent.com/images/A2Organic/amides/organicchemistryamines1blank.png

Question 3

Definition of a tertiary amine

Answer 3

when the nitrogen is bonded to three carbons
https://www.chemistrystudent.com/images/A2Organic/amides/organicchemistryamines1blank.png

Question 4

Definition of a quaternary amine

Answer 4

when the nitrogen is bonded to four carbons but as the nitrogen has 4 bonds it is positively charged
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Quaternary_ammonium_cation.svg

Question 5

What are the reagents and conditions for making amines

Answer 5

haloalkane and conc ammonia while heating in a sealed tube

Question 6

If CH₃CH₂Br + conc. NH₃ are heated in a sealed tube what will the products be

Answer 6

CH₃CH₂NH₂ + HBr

Question 7

Mechanism for making amines

Answer 7

https://www.chemistrystudent.com/images/A2Organic/amides/organicchemistryproducingsecondaryandtertiaryamines1.png (or HCl)

Question 8

Melting/boiling point of amines

Answer 8

relatively high because it has hydrogen bonding but because it is small covalent bonding with intermolecular forces it is low overall

Question 9

Solubility of amines in water and what affects the solubility

Answer 9

it is soluble as can from hydrogen bonds with the water molecules.
primary > secondary > tertiary as number of N-H bonds decreases.
longer carbon chains decrease solubility as they are not polar

Question 10

What is another property of amines (smell)

Answer 10

smells like fish

Question 11

What are the 4 reactions an amine can do

Answer 11

act as a ligand
act as a nucleophile
act as a base
form amides in condensation reactions with an acyl chloride

Question 12

How does amine act as a ligand with examples

Answer 12

• ligand = donate lone pair to a central transition ion forming a complex ion
  e.g.https://www.chemicals.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Lewis-Acid-Base-Reaction-1.png

Question 13

How does amine act as a nucleophile with examples and what could a problem be with this reaction

Answer 13

• it donates a lone pair
• e.g. https://studymind.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/8-33.png (nucleophilic substitution)
• amine product acts as a nucleophile and reacts again giving a mixture of products

Question 14

How does amine act as a base with examples

Answer 14

• H⁺ acceptor due to the lone pair on nitrogen
• e.g. https://media.cheggcdn.com/study/694/6944b293-e874-4bac-ad9f-39997280998a/image.png (protonated amine)

Question 15

Example of an amine forming amides in condensation reactions with an acyl chloride

Answer 15

https://content.bartleby.com/tbms-images/9780134042282/Chapter-15/images/42282-15.11-33p_image001.png