DNA - PL

Question 1

What does DNA stand for

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

DNA definition (simple)

Answer 2

carries instructions for the primary structure of proteins

Question 3

What type of polymer is DNA

Answer 3

condensation polymer

Question 4

What is DNA made from

Answer 4

nucleotides

Question 5

What are the 3 components which make up a nucleotide

Answer 5

phosphate, sugar and base

Question 6

How many DNA bases are there

Answer 6

4 (A,T,G,C)

Question 7

What forms when phosphate and sugar molecules join together and what happens to the bases

Answer 7

the sugar-phosphate backbone while the DNA bases attach to the sugars

Question 8

What type of reactions happen in the structure of DNA

Answer 8

condensation

Question 9

Points of attachment on monomers of DNA and RNA

Answer 9

https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/8708/OSC_Microbio_10_02_Nucleotide.jpg?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=557&height=305
(look at data sheet)

Question 10

2 stands of DNA are held together by

Answer 10

hydrogen bonds

Question 11

What pairs with the base A and what keeps them together

Answer 11

base T using 2 hydrogen bonds

Question 12

What pairs with the base C and what keeps them together

Answer 12

base G using 3 hydrogen bonds

Question 13

What are the points of attachment for the bases joining together

Answer 13

https://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/aminoacids/gcbasepair.gif
https://www.chemguide.co.uk/organicprops/aminoacids/atbasepair.gif

Question 14

What happens during DNA replication

Answer 14

a cell divides and one stand of DNA acts as a template, with the help pf enzymes, to synthesise a complementary copy of itself

Question 15

What happens during protein synthesis

Answer 15

DNA carries the instruction for building proteins

Question 16

Where is DNA always found

Answer 16

in the nucleus

Question 17

What are the stages of protein synthesis

Answer 17

transcription and translation

Question 18

What happens during transcription

Answer 18

a section of DNA is copied, the hydrogen bonds between the strands break and the DNA unwinds. One strand acts as a templet for the formation of an mRNA strand. Base pairing ensures that the RNA is complementary to the DNA template.

Question 19

What does RNA stand for

Answer 19

ribonucleaic acid

Question 20

What are the differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 20

• RNA’s sugar is ribose compared to DNA’s sugar which is deoxyribose
• uses uracil instead of thymine
• RNA only exists as single strands and is shorter than DNA

Question 21

What happens during translaition

Answer 21

the mRNA moves out of the nucleus to ribosome. The ribosome moves along the mRNA and tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the mRNA. The mRNA is read 3 bases at a time (codon), each codon on the mRNA matches a complementary anticodon on a tRNA molecule. Hence each codon gives instructions for a particular amino acid. The amino acids join together to form the primary structure of a protein. Therefore the sequence of bases in the mRNA determines the order of amino acids added

Question 22

What does mRNA stand for

Answer 22

messenger RNA

Question 23

What does tRNA stand for

Answer 23

transfer RNA

Question 24

Diagram of process of transcription (DNA)

Answer 24

https://media.istockphoto.com/id/1444747458/vector/transcription-dna-directed-synthesis-of-rna-rna-polymerase-template-stand-and-non-template.jpg?s=612x612&w=0&k=20&c=oSN1T_QEZsdUn-5wMWiO8G7mXLhmt6I5kNLFXyZVE2g=

Question 25

Diagram of process of translation (DNA)