Amputations

Question 1

The goal of normal human ambulation (gait) is to facilitate travel from one location to another while ___ ___ and ___ ___ ___ across a wide variety of walking conditions.

Answer 1

The goal of normal human ambulation (gait) is to facilitate travel from one location to another while minimizing effort and maintaining adequate stability across a wide variety of walking conditions.

Question 2

step length vs stride length.

Answer 2

Question 3

stance vs swing phase

Answer 3

Stance Phase: Limb in contact with floor.

1. Initial Contact
2. Loading Response
3. Mid-Stance
4. Terminal Stance
5. Pre-Swing Swing Phase: Limb not in contact with floor.
6. Initial Swing
7. Mid-Swing
8. Terminal Swing

Question 4

concentric vs eccentric

Answer 4

1. Concentric contraction: muscle shortens
   in length, to generation motion
2. Eccentric contraction: muscle increases
   in length, slowing motion

Abnormal muscle activation will lead to dysfunctional gait that is less efficient or unsafe.

Question 5

trend between energy expenditure and level of amputation

Answer 5

amputees adapt to the higher Oq cost by seleting a slower walking speed at which the mean rate of O2 consumption does not significantly exceed the normal rate.

the larger the amputation, the increased metabolic cost above normal.

Question 6

what is a K level

Answer 6

a functional index level. used to classify lower limn amputees based on their predicted or actual ability to use a protehsis.

K0= cannot function

K4= can run/atheletic/jumping/ iking

Question 7

residual limb pain vs phantom limb pain.

Answer 7

Question 8

appraoch to residual limb pain

Answer 8

Question 9

dermatologic conditions of the amputation

Answer 9

1. adherent scar tissue

2 .contact dermatitis

3. epidermoid cyst.

Question 10

lower limb amputees are at risk of developing flexion contractures.

1. transtibial amputation predisposes to ___ flexion contractures
2. transfemoral amputation predisposes to ___ flexion contracture.

Answer 10

1. transtibial amputation predisposes to KNEE flexion contractures
2. transfemoral amputation predisposes to HIP flexion contracture.

Contractures have significant consequences including difficulty using a prosthesis, affecting mobility and transfers.

Contractures are largely preventable with conservative measures like a stretching program and positioning.

Question 11

potential medical causes of residual limb edema:

Answer 11

1. congestive heart failure
2. underlying infection in residual limb (cellulitis)
3. kidney disease
4. deep vein thrombosis

Question 12

Answer 12

Verrucous Hyperplasia

Question 13

what is heterotopic ossification

Answer 13

HO refers to the formation of bone in soft tissues surrounding the residual limb.