1
Q
What is the origin of Psoas major muscle
A
Transverse process of T12- L5
Supplied by Lumber plexus
Inserts at the lesser trochanter
Flexes thigh on trunk if thigh is flexed then trunk on thigh
2
Q
Pudendal nerve enters the perineum through
A
Lesser sciatic foramen
And leaves the pelvis through greater sciatic foramen
S2,3,4
3
Q
Ligament that supports the uterus above the pelvis
A
Uterosacral ligament
4
Q
The middle part of the vagina is supported by
A
Urogential diaphragm
The upper thrid is supported on by levator ani, transverse cervical ligament, pubo-cervical ligament, utero-scaral ligament
And the lower third is supported by perineal body
5
Q
sensory supply of the clitoris
A
Pudendal nerve
The pudental nerve divides into inferior rectal, perineal and dorsal nerve of the clitoris
6
Q
The lymph nodes that drains the bladder
A
external, internal and common iliac nodes
7
Q
What is arcuate line
A
when the aponeurosis of the internal oblique muscle passes anterior to the rectus abdominis
8
Q
The ureters are supplied by which autonomic nerve
A
T11 and l2
9
Q
arterial supply for levator ani
A
Inferior gluteal artery
Innervation- Pudendal, perineal and inferior rectal nerves
S3,4
10
Q
what cells secreates inhibin
A
Sertoli cell
Leydig cells secreates testosterone
11
Q
what are the receptors on the sertoli cells
A
FSH
12
Q
Cleavage stage embryo biopsy is undertaken at
A
8-10 cells stage# 3 days after fertilization
Requires drilling of zona pelucida- 1-2 blastomere are aspirated
13
Q
What is the down syndrome recurrence risk if the mother is found ti be a carrier of t14,21 Trasnslocation
A
15% Mother t14,21
1% paternal
100% t21,21
14
Q
When does the result come for aminocentasis
A
2-3 WEEKS
however the foetal blood and chorionic villi karyotyping only takes 48-72hrs
15
Q
inheritence pattern for galactomsemia
A
autosomal recessive
16
Q
False positive rate for FISH test is
A
1 in 30000
17
Q
PKU is caused by
A
18
Q
blood spply to the ovaries
A
Ovarian artery in the main supply, rest comes from uterine artery
19
Q
The axial filament of the sperm tail has what type of arrangement of filaments?
A
9+2
2 central and 9 peripheral
20
Q
Round ligatment develops from
A
Gubernaculum
21
Q
Median umblical ligament is the the remnanct of
A
urachus
And it connects the apex of the bladder to the umblicus
22
Q
Sympathetic innervationof the bladder causes
A
Detrusor relaxation and contraction of the internal urethral sphinctre causing urine to block
Via hypogastric nerve- t11- L2
23
Q
Parasympathetic nerve of the bladder causes
A
Detrusor contraction causing voiding of the urine
24
Q
venous drainage of the bladder is via
A
Vesicle venous plexus
25
what is the narrowest part of the urethra
Membranous urethra
26
what forms the medial border of the femoral triangle
Adductor longus muscle
Boundaries of the Femoral Triangle:
Superior: Inguinal ligament
Medial: Medial border of the adductor longus
Lateral: Medial border of the sartorius
Floor: Pectineus, Adductor longus and Iliopsoas muscles
Roof: Fascia Lata
27
Sacroiliac joint is a type of
Synovial joint
28
Pubic symphysis is a type of
Secondary cartilaginous joint
29
whichh testicular cell secreates Testosterone
Leydig cell
Has LH receptors
30
Sertoli cell secreastes
Inhibin
Forms the blood testis barrier
Has FSH receptors
31
Fallopian tubes are held in place by
Mesosalphinx
32
Sympathetic nerve supply to the uterus arriase from
T10, T11, T12, L1- INFERIOR HYPOGASTRIC Plexus
33
what are the three blood supplies to the testis
testicular artery direct branch form aorta
Cremasteric artery that is a brach of inferior hypogastric artery
Artery to vas deference is a branch of internal iliac artery
34
lumber plexus is from
T12- L4
35
The motor supply to the detrusor muscle of the bladder is derived from which NERVE
Pelvic splanchnic nerve- S2-S4
Parasympathetic
Caused detrusor contraction and voiding of the urine by relaxing the internal urethral sphincter
36
if the internal sphincter is torn what is the type of perineal tear
3C
37
The anterior scrotal artery is a branch of which artery?
external pudental
38
lymph drainage of the breast
AXILLARY
Parasternal
39
The male scrotum is typically how many degrees cooler than body temperature?
2-2.5 degrees coller
40
The superficial perineal pouch is bordered superiorly by what?
perineal membrane
41
The deep perineal pouch is bordered superiorly by what?
gaudette fascia or fascia of perineum
42
lymph drainage of the cervix is via
External iliac lymph node
43
Which is the innermost layer of the testis?
tunica vascilosa
44
what are the three muscles of the superficial perineal pouch
ischiocavernous mucle
bulbospongiosus muscle
Superficial transverse perineal muscle
45
The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) lies within which part of the kidney?
renal cortex
46
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is synthesised in which of the following?
paraventricular and supraoptic nuclie
47
the early labour pain radiate to WHICH DERMATOMES
T11-T12
48
Sensory supply to the clitoris is via branches of which nerve?
PUDENDAL
49
Internal urethral sphincter is innervated by
pelvic sphlanchinc nerve- s4
50
Externnal sphicter of the urethra is innervated by
Innervation via inferior rectal branch of pudendal nerve and perineal branch of S4
51
What is the most common site of ectopic pregnancy?
Ampulla
52
How many seminiferous tubules would you typically expect to find in a testicular lobule?
1-3
53
what is the structural unit of testis
Lobules(250-400)
Each lobule has 1-3 seminiferrous tubules
54
The detrusor is divided into 3 layers
inner and outer layers of longitudinal smooth muscle with a middle circular smooth muscle layer
55
The posterior scrotal artery is a branch of which artery?
internal pudendal artery
56
what are the two muscles of the pelvic floor
Coccygeous and levator ani
Levitator Ani is composed of 3 muscles: puborectalis, pubococcygeus and iliococcygeal.
57
Which ligaments attach the vagina and cervix to the pelvic wall?
cardinal and uterosacral
58
The internal and external anal sphincters both receive innervation from which spinal segment?
S4
59
MIDDLE ractal artery that supplies the 1/3 of the rectum is a branch of
internal iliac
60
The inguinal canal is reinforced posteriorly by which structure?
conjoint tendon/ inguinal flax
The inguinal and lacunar ligaments are part of the floor
The aponeurosis of external oblique is the major component of the anterior wall with fibres of internal oblique reinforcing the lateral part
61
content of femoral triangle
Letter Structure
N Femoral Nerve
A Femoral Artery
V Femoral Vein
E Empty space (femoral canal – allows vein expansion)
L Lymphatics (deep inguinal nodes and lymph vessels)
62
which nerve is responsible for knee jerk
Femoral
63
which nerve compression would casue loss of sensation in the medial thigh and cause weakness in adduction
Obturator
64
which vein does the SMA drain into
Hepatic portal vein
sma joins the spleenic vein and drains into hepatic portal vein
65
lymph drainage of fallopian tubes
para-aortic node
66
superficial inguinal ring is an aperture in which structure?
apponeurosis of the external oblique mucle
67
what is the blood supply to the levator ani
inferior gluteal artery
68
the nerve that innervates the levator ani
innervated by pudendal nerve, perineal nerve and inferior rectal nerve. These nerves arise from S3/S4 spinal nerves (mainly S4)
69
pgp affects how many women
20% 1in 5
70
The medial umbilical ligament is a remnant of what structure?
fetal umblical artery
71
Lymph drainage from the bladder is via which nodes?
external , internal and common iliac nodes
72
The ureters receive autonomic supply from which spinal segments?
t11,L2
73
The internal anal sphincter is innervated by
pelvic splanchnic nerve
74
The plane of the pelvic inlet is at what angle to the horizontal?
60 degrees
75
lymph drainage of scrotum
superficial inguinal nodes
The scrotum drains to the superficial inguinal nodes unlike the testicles that drain to the lumbar and para-aortic nodes.
76
Regarding the female breast how many lobes does the typical breast contain?
15-20
77
What is the boundary between the true and false pelvis?
pelvic brim
78
What spinal segment is the ilioinguinal nerve derived from
l1
79
Which of the following nerves passes through the inguinal canal?
Contents of the Inguinal Canal
In females : the round ligament of the uterus + the ilioinguinal nerve
In Males: Spermatic cord + the ilioinguinal nerve
80
what is the content in the lateral umblical fold
inferior epigastric vessels
81
The arcuate line forms part of the border of the pelvic brim. Where is it located?
ilium
82
The round ligament leaves the pelvis via what?
Deep inguinal ring
The round ligament of the uterus originates at the uterine horns where the fallopian tubes attach to the uterus. The round ligament leaves the pelvis via the deep inguinal ring passing through the inguinal canal and continues before the fibres attach to the mons pubis.
83
what is the origin of psoas major muscle
transverse process of t12-l5
84
the ligament that supports the uterus above the pelvic floor
uteroscarcral ligament
Pubo-cervical ligament supports the cervix the the posterior surface of pubis
transverse cervical ligamanet passes through the cervix and the upper end of vaginal to the lateral wall of the pelvis
85
what supports the middle third of the vagina
utogenital diaphragm
86
embrological origin of the dome of the bladder is
Yolk sac
the tragone is derived from the mesonephric duct
87
what is the dentate line
boundary betweent the ectodermal and endodermal origin of the anal canal
88
what are the three muscles contained within the superficial perineal pouch
ischiocavernous muscle
bulbospongiosus muscle
Superficial transverse perineal muscle
89
levator ani is supplied by nerve
S3/S4
90
lower third of the vagina is supplied by the parasympathetic supply of
pudendal nerve
Pelvic splancnic nerve via pudendal nerve
91
foetal component of the placental bed is
extra villous trophoblast
`
92
nerve supply t othe sigmoid colon
inferior hypogastric plexus
93
Main venous drainage of the skin of the abdominal wall above the level of umblicus
LATERAL Thoracic vein- (axillary vein)
below umblicus - femoral vein(via great sephanous and superdicial epigastric vein)
94
cremaster muscle is derived from
the internal oblique muscle
95
the level at which ovarian artery arrises from the decending aorta
L1
96
Nerve supply of the fallopian tune is
inferior hypogastric plexus
97
nerve supply of the body of the uterus
inferior hypogastric plexus
98
sensory innervation to the cervix is via
s2,3,4
99
superior epigastric artery in the contunuation of
internal thoracic artetry
100
the hernial sac lies lateral and below the pubic tubercle
femoral hernia
101
this hernia may enter the scrotum/ labia majora
indirect hernia
102
the sac of this hernia is made of processus vaginalis
indirect hernia
103
anterior wall of the rectus sheath between costal margin and ASIS
External and internal oblique
above costal margin- External oblique
Below ASIS- all three muscle
104
inguinal ligament is formed of the aponeurosis of
external oblique
105
the main estrogen produced by the placenta
estriol
106
what is the origin of labia minora
urethral fold
Genital tubercle becomes clitoris
and the labioscrotal swelling becomes- labia majora
107
how does the mifepristone works
inhibits progesterone
108
which nerve supply the ankle reflex
L5,S1
109
Lumber plexus is derived from
T12-L5
110
WHAT IS THE ORIGIN OF UTEURS
Paramesonephric duct
111
cremasteric reflex is mediated by
L1`
112
The nerve root that mediates abdominal reflex
T7-T12
113
The round ligament leaves the pelvis via
deep inguinal ring
114
what is the dermatomal level of knee
L3
115
What nerve cause lack of knee jerk reaction
L3/L4-
116
Which hormone is released by decidual cells of the uterus
relaxin
117
which nerve root causes anal reflex
S3/S4
118
which paired structure contains uterine artry and vein
cardinal ligament
it forms the base of the broad ligament
119
what is the nerve root of genito-femoral nerve
L1-L2
120
where does the lymph drainage of breast-arise
sub areolar plexus
121
what is the protein present in human milk-
whey protein
122
Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for maintaining fecal continence?
ileocolic artery
123
