What are the two types of differentiation?
- Pluripotent
- Multipotent (restricted)
Differentiation refers to the process by which cells change into more specialized types.
Define genome.
All the nucleotide sequences that make up the DNA in a cell
The genome contains the complete set of genetic information.
What does irreversible mean in the context of differentiation?
Inheritable difference
Once a cell differentiates, it cannot revert to its original state.
What is gene expression?
Change in controlling mechanism
Gene expression involves the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional gene products.
What are the two main approaches to the study of anatomy?
- Systemic
- Regional
Systemic anatomy studies organ systems, while regional anatomy focuses on specific areas of the body.
List the axial regions of the body.
- Head and neck
- Trunk
- Thorax
- Abdomen
- Pelvis
The axial regions are central to the body’s structure.
What are the appendicular regions of the body?
- Upper Limbs
- Lower Limbs
The appendicular regions include the limbs and their attachments to the axial skeleton.
What are the basic tissues in the human body?
- Epithelium
- Connective tissue
- Muscular tissue
- Nervous tissue
These tissues are fundamental components of organs and systems.
What is the largest organ of the body?
Skin
The skin serves as a protective barrier and plays a vital role in homeostasis.
What type of epithelium is found in the epidermis?
Stratified squamous keratinized
This type of epithelium provides protection against abrasion and water loss.
Define the dermis.
Connective Tissue
The dermis supports the epidermis and contains blood vessels, nerves, and other structures.
What are the developmental periods in human development?
- Prenatal
- Postnatal
Prenatal includes zygote, blastocyst, embryonic, and fetal stages; postnatal includes neonate, infant, childhood, and adolescence.
What is the neonate period?
28 days after birth
This stage is critical for early development and adaptation to life outside the womb.
What age range defines adolescence?
10 to 19 years of age
Adolescence is marked by significant physical, emotional, and social changes.
What is superficial fascia composed of?
Loose Connective tissue
Superficial fascia contains blood vessels, nerves, lymph vessels, fat, and muscles.
Define deep fascia.
Dense connective tissue devoid of fat
Deep fascia surrounds muscles and organs, providing support and structure.
What is the function of investing fascia?
Facial compartments
Investing fascia helps compartmentalize muscles and structures within the body.
What are intermuscular septa?
Connective tissue structures separating muscle groups
Intermuscular septa help organize muscles into functional groups.
What is the purpose of retinacula?
To hold tendons in place
Retinacula are fibrous bands that stabilize tendons around joints.
