Anatomy

Question 1

When looking at the bottom of a horse’s hoof, what is the name of the triangular shaped structure behind the sole of the foot?

Answer 1

Frog (cuneus ungulae) - fills in gap between the bulbs of the heels

Question 2

In a cow that is having difficulty calving and seems to have her legs splaying out from underneath her, you are most concerned about damage to which nerve?

Answer 2

Obturator nerve
Responsible for adducting the hind limbs and runs from the spinal cord into the birth canal before it innervates the inner thighs
During birthing, this nerve can become crushed and lead to this problem

Question 3

What is the most common cause of flexural and angular deformities in horses?

Answer 3

Abnormal development

Question 4

What are the 3 main types of flexural deformities?

Answer 4

Carpal
Distal interphalangeal (coffin joint)
Metacarpophalangeal

Question 5

What is the vertebral formula for dogs and cats?

Answer 5

Cervical 7
Thoracic 13
Lumbar 7
Sacral 3

Question 6

In the avian species, the ventral wall of the esophagus is greatly expanded to form the:

Answer 6

Crop - diverticulum of the esophagus; located outside the body cavity on the right side of the cranial thoracic inlet

Question 7

What is the proventriculus?

Answer 7

Structure lined by gastric glands which secrete pepsin hydrochloric acid and mucus; located caudal to the crop

Question 8

What is the gizzard?

Answer 8

A thick-walled muscular organ in which mechanical digestion occurs and is located caudal to the proventriculus

Question 9

What marrow finding is consistent with a responsive anemia?

Answer 9

Erythroid hyperplasia (increased red cell production in the marrow)

Question 10

What are uveal cysts?

Answer 10

Free floating or attached to the iris (also called iris cyts)
Round cysts
Found in anterior chamber