Anesthesia

Question 1

Myositis in a horse can occur as a result of which of the following?

Answer 1

Prolonged recumbency during anesthesia

Question 2

What part of the brain controls heartbeat, respiration, and blood pressure?

Answer 2

Brain stem is made of the midbrain, pons, and medulla. It controls basic vital functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure

Question 3

Which anesthetic gas would be most likely to induce a cardiac arrhythmia?

Answer 3

Halothane

Question 4

The somatic nervous system is responsible for what functions?

Answer 4

Voluntary motor movement

Question 5

What does the solubility of an inhalant anesthetic determine?

Answer 5

Determines the speed of induction and recovery
Low solubility drugs produce rapid induction and recovery

Question 6

What is MAC?

Answer 6

Minimum alveolar concentrations
A measure of anesthetic potency or the concentration of drug required to prevent response to a stimulus in 50% of patients

Question 7

List anesthetic gases from least to most soluble.

Answer 7

Desflurane Sevoflurane Isoflurane Enflurane
Halothane

Question 8

What is the name for the blood pressure measurement when the ventricles of the heart are relaxed?

Answer 8

Diastolic pressure

Question 9

What additive is used to buffer local anesthetic agents?

Answer 9

Sodium bicarbonate

Question 10

Which anatomic structure is the passageway for both the respiratory and digestive systems?

Answer 10

The pharynx leads from the oral and nasal cavities to the larynx and esophagus. It helps to get food to the esophagus and air to the lungs

Question 11

What heart valve is responsible for separating blood between the left atrium and left ventricle?

Answer 11

The mitral valve is also known as the bicuspid valve and is responsible for separating blood between the left atrium and left ventricle

Question 12

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is directly related to which of the following?

Answer 12

Rate of blood flow to the kidneys each minute

Question 13

What treatments may be used for malignant hyperthermia in porcine patients?

Answer 13

Cooling measures
Dantrolene
Oxygen

Question 14

What is a potential complication of regional analgesia in sheep and goats?

Answer 14

Lidocaine toxicity

Question 15

When cattle are placed in lateral recumbency during general anesthesia, how should the head be positioned to decrease the risk of aspiration? Why?

Answer 15

Head and oral cavity lower than the neck
During general anesthesia the esophageal sphincter relaxes

Question 16

Padding is extremely important when a horse is under general anesthesia. When the animal is placed in dorsal recumbency, how much padding is required between the surgical table and the horse?

Answer 16

At least six inches

Question 17

Why should a horse’s halter be padded or removed during anesthesia?

Answer 17

To prevent facial nerve paralysis

Question 18

Ketamine is the most common induction agent in horses. It has to be given with what other agents?

Answer 18

A benzodiazepine or guaifenesin

Question 19

When manually ventilating a feline patient, what is the maximum pressure that should be delivered, as read by the pressure manometer?

Answer 19

20 mm Hg

Question 20

Describe Alfaxalone.

Answer 20

A neuroactive steroid and general anesthetic used in veterinary practice under the trade name Alfaxan
Achieves its central effects via interactions with GABA receptors
Licensed for use in both dogs and cats

Question 21

What is a typical tidal volume in dogs?

Answer 21

15 mL/kg

Question 22

While performing an epidural on a dog, your needle begins to fill with a clear pale straw colored fluid, what is the appropriate action?

Answer 22

The fluid is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); this means you have punctured the ligamentum flavum and the needle has entered the subarachnoid space
Only half of the dose should be administered

Question 23

What is the typical minute volume of a cat?

Answer 23

180-380 ml/kg/min