Andrew Carnegie

Question 1

What pressures shaped Carnegie’s era?

Answer 1

Industrialization, wealth gaps

Question 2

What was Carnegie’s social class?

Answer 2

Wealthy

Question 3

What intellectual atmosphere influenced him?

Answer 3

Liberalism & survival of the fittest

“competition is best for the race, because it insures the survival of the fittest in every department.”

Question 4

How did Carnegie view human nature and economy?

Answer 4

Competition shapes humans; wealth accumulates progress

“The laws of accumulation will be left free; the laws of distribution free.”

Question 5

What was his main goal?

Answer 5

Promote progress & harmony via responsible wealth

Question 6

What did he fear?

Answer 6

Radical redistribution, inefficient reforms

(socialists/anarchists)

Question 7

What methods did he advocate?

Answer 7

Philanthropy & personal administration of wealth

Question 8

Who was largely invisible to Carnegie?

Answer 8

Poor ordinary hard workers. Carnegie really only talks to WEALTHY- in helping them manage.

Question 9

Who were Carnegie’s opponents?

Answer 9

Socialists, anarchists, radical redistributors

“To those who propose to substitute Communism for this intense Individualism…the answer…All progress…has resulted from its displacement.”

Question 10

Immediate impact of Carnegie’s ideas?

Answer 10

Wealthy philanthropists encouraged to act responsibly

Question 11

Long-term legacy?

Answer 11

Foundations & trusts for public good

Question 12

What does Carnegie defend?

Answer 12

capitalist (competition) defender

Question 13

Wealth responsibility?

Answer 13

Administer for the community

“All surplus revenues…administer…for the community.”

Question 14

Role of individualism?

Answer 14

Ensures progress & survival of the fittest

Question 15

Lifestyle example?

Answer 15

Modest & unostentatious(not showy)

Question 16

HOW to go about help to the poor?

Answer 16

administered to community, not individual.

“Great sums…administered for the community…more valuable than if scattered among them.”

Question 17

Carnegie on socialism

Answer 17

socialism undermines civilization

“Attacking the foundation upon which civilization itself rests.”

Question 18

To Carnegie, what does civilization rest upon

Answer 18

competition and individualism