anesthesia

Question 1

anesthesia

Answer 1

An anesthetic is a chemical agent patients receive prior to surgery.

Question 2

what does anestheisa do

Answer 2

• Induces loss of consciousness
• amnesia
• analgesia

A state of depressed central nervous system (CNS) activity, with depression of consciousness, loss of responsiveness to simulation, and muscle relaxation.

Question 3

moderate sedation

Answer 3

type of anesthesia.
- Patients do not lose consciousness, but still experience amnesia and analgesia

Question 4

general anesthesia do

Answer 4

causes loss of sensation, consciousness, and relaxes when a patient is undergoing major surgery, or one that requires complete muscle relaxation.

Question 5

local anesthesia causes

Answer 5

causes loss of sensation without loss of consciousness.
- Blocks transmission along nerves, thus achieving loss of autonomic function and muscle paralysis in a SPECIFIC area of the body

Question 6

inhaled anesthetics(types)

Answer 6

volatile gases or liquids in combination with oxygen.
- Halothane
- Isoflurane
- Nitrous oxide with O2

Question 6

inhaled anesthetics

Answer 6

volatile gases or liquids in combination with oxygen.
- Halothane
- Isoflurane
- Nitrous oxide with O2

Question 7

types of injectable anesthetic(meds)

Answer 7

• benzodiazepines
• etomidate
• propofol: causes hypotension, I&O out bloodstream, given iv, need an airway
• ketamine: horse tranqulizer, helps with resp diseases
• barbituates: antiseizure, can go unconscious

Question 8

most susceptible population to anesthesia

Answer 8

older adults

• Careful titration of medications help control the incidence of unwanted effects.
• Airway patency is the main priority in all situations, but cardiac problems can arise more quickly in older adults.
• The patient’s condition could deteriorate quickly.

Question 9

nursing assesment before giving general anesthesia

Answer 9

• Family history of malignant hyperthermia
• Respiratory disease (hypoventilation)
• Cardiac disease
  +Dysrhythmias: baseline ekg needed
  +Altered cardiac output
• Gastric contents (aspiration)
• Alcohol or substance use disorders: worried about tolerance, need more benzo

Question 10

types of opioids anesthesia

Answer 10

Fentanyl
Sufentanil
Alfentanil

Question 11

opioidd used for

Answer 11

• Used for sedation
• Analgesics to relieve preoperative and postoperative pain

Question 12

adverse effects of opoiod anesthesia

Answer 12

• depress the CNS, respiratory depression or distress
• Delays awakening following surgery
• Can result in postop constipation and urinary retention
• Can trigger nausea and vomiting

Question 13

benzo anesthesia(med)

Answer 13

Diazepam
Midazolam

Question 14

benzos used for

Answer 14

• Used to reduce anxiety preoperative
• Promotes amnesia
• Produces mild sedation with little to moderate respiratory depression with careful titration

Question 15

benzo adverse effects

Answer 15

Can result in cardiac and respiratory arrest with rapid administration or without waiting for the full effect to develop.

Question 16

antiemetics(meds)

Answer 16

Promethazine
Ondansteron
Metoclopramide

Question 17

antiemetics used for

Answer 17

• Used to decrease postanesthetic nausea and vomiting
• Enances gastric emptying (metoclopramide)
  Induces sedation (Promethazine)
• Decreases the risk for aspiration

Question 18

adverse effects of antiemtics

Answer 18

Dry mouth, dizziness, tardive dyskinesia, respiratory depression and apnea (promethazine)

Question 19

anticholinergics meds

Answer 19

Atropine
Glycopyrolate

Question 20

what do anticholinergics do

Answer 20

• Decreases the risk of bradycardia during surgery, and at times, vagal slowing of the heart due to the parasympathetic response to surgical manipulation.
• Blocks the muscarinic response to acetylcholine by decreasing salivation, bowel movement, and GI secretions
  Slows motility of the GI tract
• Decreases saliva, perspiration, gastric, and pancreatic secretions
• Decreases reisk for aspiration

Question 21

adverse effects of anticholinergics

Answer 21

Urinary retention, tachycardia, dry mouth. Contraindicated with glaucoma!

Question 22

types of sedatives(meds)

Answer 22

Pentobarbital
Secobarbital

Question 23

what are sedatives used for

Answer 23

Used for pre-anesthesia sedation or amnesia
Induction of general anesthesia

Question 24

adverse effects of sedatives

Answer 24

respiratory depression

Question 25

MAOI and sedatives

Answer 25

Avoid giving within 14 days of starting or stopping an MAOI!

Question 26

Neuromuscular blocking agents(meds)

Answer 26

Succinylcholine Vecuronium

Question 27

Neuromuscular blocking agents used for

Answer 27

- Used for skeletal muscle relaxation for surgery - Airway placement - In conjunction with IV anesthetic agents - Propofol - Opioids - Benzodiazepines

Question 28

Neuromuscular blocking agents adverse effects

Answer 28

Total flaccid paralysis

Question 29

what does Neuromuscular blocking agents require

Answer 29

Requires mechanical ventilation because it blocks contraction of all muscles, including the diaphragm and respiratory system.