hematological function Flashcards

Question

incompatobility to blood

Answer 1

- Incompatibility is a major concern when administering blood or blood products. - Preventing incompatibility requires strict adherence to blood transfusion protocols. - Blood is typed based on the presence of antigens.

Answer 2

- Another consideration is the Rh factor. Clients who are Rh-negative are born without the Rh antigen in their RBCs. - As a result, they do not develop antibodies unless sensitization occurs. - Once this occurs, any transfusion with Rh-positive blood will cause a reaction.

Answer 3

- Explain the procedure to the client. - Assess vital signs and the client’s temperature prior to transfusion. - Remain with the client during the initial 15 to 30 min of the transfusion. Most severe reactions occur within this time frame. - Assess laboratory values (e.g., platelet count less than 20,000 and hemoglobin less than 6 g/dL). - Verify the prescription for a specific blood product. - Obtain blood samples for compatibility determination, such as type and cross-match. - Assess for a history of blood-transfusion reactions.

Answer 4

- Initiate large-bore IV access. An 18- or 20-gauge needle is standard for administering blood products. - Obtain blood products from the blood bank. Inspect the blood for discoloration, excessive bubbles, or cloudiness. - Prior to transfusion, two RNs must identify the correct blood product and client by looking at the hospital identification number (noted on the blood product) and the number identified on the client’s identification band to make sure the numbers match. - The nurse completing the blood product verification must be one of the nurses who administers the blood product. - Prime the blood administration set with 0.9% sodium chloride only. Never add medications to blood products. Y-tubing with a filter is used to transfuse blood. - Begin the transfusion, and use a blood warmer if indicated. Initiate the transfusion within 30 min of obtaining the blood product to reduce the risk of bacterial growth.

Answer 5

- Remain with the client for the first 15 to 30 min of the infusion (reactions occur most often during the first 15 min) and monitor vital signs and rate of infusion per facility policy. - Usually every hour after the first set has been obtained after induction.

Answer 6

acute hemolytic transfusion allergy fever bacteria circulatory overload

Answer 7

- Immediate or can manifest during subsequent transfusions. Results from a transfusion of blood products that are incompatible with the client’s blood type or Rh factor. - Can occur following the transfusion of as few as 10 mL of a blood product.

Answer 8

- Can be mild or life-threatening, resulting in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) or circulatory collapse. - Findings include chills, fever, low-back pain, tachycardia, flushing, hypotension, chest tightening or pain, tachypnea, nausea, anxiety, hemoglobinuria, and an impending sense of doom.

Answer 9

- Stop the transfusion!! DO THIS FIRST - Remove the blood tubing from the IV access. - Avoid infusing further blood products into the circulatory system! The patient is more at risk now! - Initiate an infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride using new tubing. - Monitor vital signs and fluid status. - Send the blood bag and administration set to the lab for testing.

Answer 10

Commonly occurs within 2 hr of starting the transfusion

Answer 11

from the development of anti-WBC antibodies. Can be seen when the client has received multiple transfusions.

Answer 12

- chills - increase of 1° F (0.5° C) or greater from the pre-- transfusion temperature - Hypotension - tachycardia.

Answer 13

- Use WBC filter for administration to prevent the reaction from occurring.(before transfusion) - Stop the transfusion and administer antipyretics. - Initiate an infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride using new tubing.

Answer 14

Onset: 24 hours after transfusion Results from a sensitivity reaction to a component of the transfused blood products.

Answer 15

- usually mild and include itching, urticaria, and flushing. - The client can develop an anaphylactic transfusion reaction resulting in bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, and shock.

Answer 16

- Stop the transfusion. - Initiate an infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride using new tubing. - Administer an antihistamine, such as diphenhydramine. - If the provider prescribes to restart the transfusion, do so slowly.

Answer 17

- Stop the transfusion. - Administer epinephrine, oxygen, or CPR if indicated. - Remove the blood tubing from the client’s IV access. - Initiate an infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride using new tubing.

Answer 18

- During or up to several hours after transfusion ● Results from a transfusion of contaminated blood products.

Answer 19

Wheezing/Dyspnea Chest tightness Cyanosis Hypotension Shock.

Answer 20

- Stop the transfusion. - Administer antibiotics and an IV infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride using new tubing. - Send a blood culture specimen to the lab for analysis.

Answer 21

ONSET: Can occur any time during the transfusion Results from a transfusion rate that is too rapid for the client.

Answer 22

Crackles, dyspnea, cough Anxiety jugular vein distention tachycardia Manifestations can progress to pulmonary edema.

hematological function Flashcards

(46 cards)