Cardio Exam 1 > ANS Anatomy > Flashcards

ANS Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Nervous System divided into

A
  • CNS

- PNS

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2
Q

CNS composed of

A
  • brain and spinal cord
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3
Q

PNS composed of

A
  • afferent division

- efferent division

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4
Q

afferent division composed of

A
  • somatic sensory
  • visceral sensory
  • special sensory
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5
Q

efferent devision composed of

A
  • somatic motor

- autonomic motor

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6
Q

autonomic motor composed of

A
  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
  • enteric
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7
Q

enteric division of ANS

A
  • GI tract nervous system
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8
Q

somatic division organization

A
  • single neuron between CNS and skeletal muscle
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9
Q

somatic innervates

A
  • skeletal muscle at NMJ
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10
Q

somatic (excitatory/inhibitory)

A
  • muscle excitation only
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11
Q

autonomic organization

A
  • two neuron chain connected by ganglion synapse

- preganglionic and post ganglionic neuron

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12
Q

autonomic innervates

A
  • smooth and cardiac muscle
  • glands
  • GI neurons
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13
Q

autonomic (excitatory/inhibitory)

A
  • excitatory or inhibitory
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14
Q

somatic motor neurons are located in

A
  • spinal cord

- cranial nerve motor nuclei

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15
Q

synapses for somatic motor neurons are located where

A
  • neuromuscular junction
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16
Q

definition of ganglia

A
  • collection of neuronal cell bodies outside CNS
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17
Q

ANS where is the post ganglionic cell body located

A
  • within the ganglion

- or within chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla

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18
Q

chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla are

A
  • modified post ganglionic sympathetic neurons
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19
Q

long postganglionic sympathetic fibers lead from the sympathetic chain to the target organ where they are terminated with

A
  • varicosities
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20
Q

importance of varicosites

A
  • release neurotransmitters over large surface area of the tissue
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21
Q

parasympathetic effect on pupil

A
  • constricts pupil
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22
Q

parasympathetic effect on lacrimal gland

A
  • stimulates tear production and salivation
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23
Q

parasympathetic effect on lungs

A
  • constricts airways
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24
Q

parasympathetic effect on heart

A
  • slows heartbeat
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25
parasympathetic effect on gallbladder parasympathetic effect on liver
- stimulates contraction for bile release | - glycogen synthesis for glucose storage
26
parasympathetic effect on stomach
- stimulates digestion
27
parasympathetic effect on pancreas and GI
- stimulates secretion of enzymes and insulin
28
parasympathetic effect on GU system
- promotes voiding - stimulates erection in males - blood flow for lubrication in women
29
preganglionic neurons of the Parasympathetic division is called
- craniosacral
30
axon size of preganglionic neurons in parasympathetic
- long axons
31
axon size of post ganglionic neurons in parasympathetic why?
- shorter axons | - ganglia located near target
32
parasympathetic cell bodies are located in
- brainstem - cranial nerve nuclei | - sacral spinal cord - intermediolateral nucleus
33
axons in parasympathetic ANS leave brainstem from cell bodies and form
- form parts of cranial nerves
34
axons in parasympathetic ANS leave sacral spinal cord from cell bodies and leave
- leave through ventral roots
35
parasympathetic ANS preganglionic axons synapse
- synapse at ganglia
36
parasympathetic ANS postganglionic axons synapse
- synapse on target organs
37
sympathetic effect on pupil
- dilates pupil
38
sympathetic effect on lungs
- relaxes airway
39
sympathetic effect on blood vessel
- constricts blood vessel
40
sympathetic effect on heart
- accelerates heartbeat
41
sympathetic effect on sweat production
- stimulates sweat production
42
sympathetic effect on small intestine
- inhibits secretion
43
sympathetic effect on adrenal medulla
- stimulates secretion of NE and EPI
44
sympathetic effect on GU system
- inhibits voiding - stimulates orgasm - stimulates ejaculation
45
sympathetic division preganglionic cell bodies located
- thoraco-lumbar | - thoracic & upper lumbar
46
cell bodies of sympathetic division located in
- intermediolaterial column
47
axons of sympathetic division exit via
- ventral roots
48
sympathetic preganglionic axons synapse on
- sympathetic chain ganglia - prevertebral ganglion neurons - adrenal medulla chromaffin cells
49
sympathetic preganglionic axons synapse on sympathetic chain ganglia at what level?
- same level - higher - lower
50
how do sympathetic preganglionic axons synapse on the prevertebral ganglion neurons?
- pass through paravertebral sympathetic trunk
51
size of preganglionic axons of sympathetic division
- preganglionic axons are shorter
52
size of postganglionic axons of sympathetic division
- postganglionic axons are longer
53
postganglionic cell bodies adjacent to each thoracic and upper lumbar segment and the cervical and sacral segments are called pairing of these
- paravertebral ganglia | - paired on either side of the spinal cord
54
ganglia in front of the vertebral column are called - pairing of these
- prevertebral ganglia - collateral ganglia - preaortic ganglia - most are not paired
55
sympathetic chain/sympathetic trunk includes
- ganglia adjacent to thoracic and upper lumbar segment, and cervical and sacral segments - ganglia in front of the vertebral column
56
sympathetic chain ganglia are located
- on either side of the vertebral column
57
cervical ganglia division
- superior - middle - inferior
58
prevertebral ganglia division
- celiac - superior mesenteric - inferior mesenteric
59
sympathetic division called
- sympatho-adrenal
60
sympathetic preganglionic neuron located
- thoracic spinal cord
61
adrenal medulla in sympathetic division has control over
- sympathetic control over endocrine function | - release EPI and NE into general circulation
62
sympathetic preganglionic neurons synapse on
- chromaffin cells
63
all preganglionic (parasympathetic and sympathetic) neurons release ____ at their synapse on postganglionic neurons on what kind of receptor
- acetylcholine | - nicotinic
64
parasympathetic postganglionic neurons release ______ at their synapses on effector tissues on what kind of receptor
- acetylcholine | - muscarinic (M2 and M2)
65
sympathetic postganglionic neurons generally release ______ at their synapses on effector tissues what kind of receptor
- norepinephrine | - adrenergic (alpha 1 and 2, beta 1 and 2)
66
M2 receptors used for
- SA/AV node cell and cardiac muscle
67
alpha 1 receptors located on - used for
- peripheral blood vessels | - vasoconstriction
68
beta 1 receptors located on - used for
- SA/AV node cells and cardiac muscle | - increase heart rate
69
amount of beta 1 versus beta 2 receptors on cardiomyocytes result
- much more beta 1 than beta 2 | - increases contractility
70
use of beta 2 receptors
- bronchodilation and vasodilation
71
most of the effects of the alpha 2 receptors results from
- its location on the presynaptic neuron terminal
72
presynaptic role of alpha 2 - mechanism
- inhibits release of NE from presynaptic neuron so blocks sympathetic signals - NE feedbacks to alpha 2 receptor and inhibits calcium channel opening - inhibiting calcium channel opening stops NE release
73
postsynaptic role of alpha 2
- induces smooth muscle contraction
74
sympathetic post synaptic neuron releases NE on which receptors
- alpha 1 - alpha 2 - beta 1
75
sympathetic post synaptic neurons releases Epi on which receptors
- alpha 1,2 | - beta 1,2
76
sympathetic neurons synapsing on renal vasculature and smooth muscle release what neurotransmitter? on what receptor
- dopamine | - D1
77
sweat glands are part of what pathway - innervated by
- sympathetic pathway | - innervated by cholinergic fibers
78
does the parasympathetic division innervate blood vessels or structures in the skin?
- no
79
mass discharge of parasympathetic division
- no mass discharge
80
control by parasympathetic division
- very discrete control of individual effectors | - each organ can be regulated separately
81
mass discharge of sympathetic division
- capable of mass discharge | - activation of multiple organ systems are once
82
sympathetic control of skin and digestive tract
- inhibits blood flow to skin | - inhibits digestive tract activity
83
things only controlled by the sympathetic system
- sweat glands - pilomotor muscles of skin - arterioles - veins
84
epocrine sweat glands located
- all over the body
85
epocrine sweat glands function
- thermoregulation
86
epocrine sweat glands post ganglionic neurons release - binds to
- Ach | - muscarinic receptor
87
appocrine sweat glands located
- armpits - genitals - perianal
88
appocrine sweat glands active when
- puberty onward
89
appocrine sweat glands receptors
- adrenergic receptors
90
how are appocrine sweat glands regulated?
- hormonally | - EPI in the blood stream
91
parasympathetic muscles controlling micturition
- detrussor - internal urethral sphincter - external urethral sphincter
92
detrussor is what kind of muscle
- smooth muscle
93
internal urethras sphincter is what kind of muscle
- smooth muscle
94
external urethral sphincter muscle is what kind of muscle
- skeletal muscle
95
detrussor muscle under what kind of control - does what
- parasympathetic | - contracts
96
detrussor muscle innervation during filling
- inhibited
97
detrussor muscle innervation during micturition
- stimulated
98
internal urethral sphincter under what control - does what
- sympathetic | - contracts
99
internal urethral sphincter innervation during filling
- stimulated
100
internal urethral sphincter innervation during micturition
- inhibited
101
external urethral sphincter under what control - does what?
- somatic motor | - causes contraction
102
external urethral sphincter innervation during filling
- stimulated
103
external urethral sphincter innervation during micturition
- inhibited
104
sympathetic effect on skeletal muscle
- very little effect
105
reflex definition
- involuntary response to a stimulus
106
cerebral cortex involvement in reflex
- not directly involved
107
reflex arc can be
- neural | - hormonal
108
reflex arc pathway
- afferent limb - central integration enter - efferent limb - effector - functional changes
109
afferent limb
- sensory limb
110
efferent limb
- output
111
functional changes provide
- negative feedback
112
baroreceptor reflex
- helps maintain blood pressure and volume
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