The Cardiac Cycle

Question 1

systole occurs when

Answer 1

• contraction
• ventricular ejection

Question 2

diastole occurs when

Answer 2

• relaxation
• ventricular filling

Question 3

what is the highest pressures of the cardiac cycle

Answer 3

• systole

Question 4

what is the lowest pressures of the cardiac cycle

Answer 4

• diastole

Question 5

cardiac cycle starting at ventricular filling

what is happening with the valves?

Answer 5

• ventricular filling (AV valve open, aortic valve closed)
• atrial systole
• > AV valve closes
• isovolumetric contraction (AV and aortic valve closed)
• > aortic valve opens
• ejection -> aortic valve closes
• isovolumetric relaxation (AV and aortic valve closed)
• > AV valve opens

Question 6

what makes up ventricular systole

Answer 6

• isovolumetric contraction
• ejection

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

LVEDV

Answer 8

volume in ventricle at end of atrial systole

just after mitral valve has shut

max amount of blood pumped into ventricle before ventricule started to contract

Question 9

LVESV

Answer 9

• volume of blood found in heart after ventricle has ceased to contract
• at end of systole

Question 10

stroke volume formula

Answer 10

LVEDV - LVESV

Question 11

Ejection Fraction

Answer 11

SV/LVEDV

The amount of blood the heart pumps out per beat

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

1st heart sound heard because

Answer 13

• closure of AV valves

Question 14

2nd heart sound heard because of

Answer 14

• closure of semilunar valves

Question 15

3rd heart sound heard

due to

Answer 15

• after 2nd heart sound
• during opening of AV valves

tensing of chordae tendinae

rapid blood flow

Question 16

4th heart sound heard

due to

Answer 16

• before 1st heart sound
• contraction of atria against stiff ventricle

Question 17

which atrium contracts first?

Answer 17

• right atrium before left atrium

Question 18

which ventricle contracts first

result

Answer 18

• left ventricle before right ventricle
• mitral valve closes before tricuspid and can sometimes get an S1 split

Question 19

which valve shuts first?

Answer 19

• aortic valve shuts before pulmonary valve
• mitral valve shuts before tricuspid valve

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

label the waves

Answer 21

a - atrial systole

x- descent

c- contraction of ventricles

v- venous filling

y - descent

Question 22

cause of C wave bump

Answer 22

• increased ventricular pressure during ventricular contraction causes teh AV valve to bulge back into the atrium

Question 23

why can you hear a split S2 during inspriation?

Answer 23

• venous return to right atrium (and ventricle) increases, which delays pulmonaic valve closure even further.

Question 24

we hear fixed splitting in what condition?

Answer 24

• atrial septal defect

Question 25

Answer 25