Cardio Exam 1 > Basic Concepts in Physiology > Flashcards

Basic Concepts in Physiology Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

what are excitable tissues?

A
  • tissues composed of cells that are capable of producing action potentials
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2
Q

definition of homeostasis

A
  • a relatively stable condition of the internal environment that results from regulatory system actions
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3
Q

the average adult male weighs how much

A
  • 70 kg

- 154 lb

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4
Q

total body water is

A
  • 42 L
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5
Q

water is what percent of body weight

A
  • 55-60%
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6
Q

total body water divided into what compartments?

A
  • intracellular

- extracellular

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7
Q

volume of intracellular compartment compared to extracellular compartment

A
  • about 2x
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8
Q

blood fills which compartment

A
  • blood spans both intracellular and extracellular fluid
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9
Q

plasma exchanges with

A
  • interstitial fluid
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10
Q

interstitial fluid exchanges with

A
  • intracellular fluid
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11
Q

osmolarity

A
  • the total solute concentration of a solution regardless of the chemical composition of the solutes
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12
Q

osmolarity is measured in

A
  • osmoles/L
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13
Q

1 osmole =

A
  • 1 mole of solute
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14
Q

1 osmole/L =

A
  • 1 Osm
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15
Q

Osmolarity of NaCl

A
  • 2
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16
Q

osmolarity of CaCL2

A
  • 3
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17
Q

the osmolarity of a human cell is

A
  • 275-295
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18
Q

less than 275 mOsm

A
  • hypoosmotic
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19
Q

275-295 mOsm

A
  • isoosmotic
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20
Q

more than 295 mOsm

A
  • hyper osmotic
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21
Q

how is osmotic concentration expressed clinically

A
  • osmolality = osmoles/kg
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22
Q

effective osmolarity =

23
Q

water concentration in regard to osmolarity

Study These Flashcards
A
  • higher osmolarity has lower water concentration
24
Q

water versus solute permeability in a cell

Study These Flashcards
A
  • water is permeable

- solutes are not

25
what happens in a hypertonic solution?
- cell shrinks
26
what happens in an isotonic solution?
- no change in cell volume
27
what happens in a hypotonic solution?
- cell swells
28
one of the most powerful features of the cell
- separation of charges across a semipermeable membrane
29
intracellular anions are mostly
- protein
30
extracellular anions are mostly
- Cl-
31
which cation is mostly prevalent inside the cell
- K+
32
which cation is mostly prevalent outside of the cell?
- Na+
33
concentration gradient of K+
- from inside of cell to outside
34
electrical gradient of K+
- develop inside negative membrane potential
35
result of negativity inside membrane
- begins to oppose further diffusion of K out of the cell
36
result of buildup of positive charge on outside of membrane
- begins to oppose further diffusion of K out of the cell
37
Nernst equation helps us determine
- equilibrium potential for a given ion
38
Nernst equation
- Ex=(60/z) * log(X out/X in) x = is ion z = charge of ion X out = concentration of x in ECF X in = concentration of X in cytoplasm
39
when does the Nernst equation apply
- when a membrane is permeable to only one ion
40
equilibrium potential for K+
-85.6 mV
41
equilibrium potential for Na+
+59 mV
42
equilibrium potential for Ca2+
+122 mV
43
equilibrium potential for Cl-
-82 -> -46 mV
44
biological membranes are permeable to
- not typically permeable to only one ion
45
2 major factors for determinants of membrane potential at any given time
- ion gradients | - relative permeability of membrane to those ions
46
Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation applies to
- multiple ions and their permeabilities
47
resting Em Na+ and K+ channels
- some Na+ and some K+ channels are open
48
Em in resting Em
- is between E_Na and E_K - closer to E_K - generally -40 -> and -85 mV
49
which ion has greater permeability at rest
- permeability of K
50
where does Na move in regard to the cell
- moves into the cell
51
where does K move in regard to the cell
- moves out of the cell
52
what happens in ATP formation is impaired
- gradients decrease which changes Em
53
changes in Em are signals used by
- excitable cells
54
where does Ca2+ move in regard to the cell?
- moves into the cell
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