ANTH midterm 2

Question 1

What features are common to all primates?

Question 2

Habits of the Hamadryas baboon

Question 3

Habits of the Japanese Macaque

Question 4

Habits of the Eastern lowland gorilla

Question 5

Habits of the spectral tarsier

Question 6

Habits of the lar gibbons

Question 7

Habits of the phayre leaf monkeys

Question 8

Habits of the ringtail lemurs

Question 9

Habits of the oragutans

Question 10

Habits of the chacma baboon

Question 11

Habits of the white-faced capuchins

Question 12

Habits of the chimpanzees

Question 13

what is dominance or rank? How can it affect the lives of all individual primates in way that may impact fitness?

Question 14

Name 2 different ways primates communicate with each other.

Question 15

what kinds of information are primates communicating to each other?

Question 16

Give specific examples of the complex behaviours that some primates use to access food.

Question 17

Primates are an _ of mammals

Answer 17

order

Question 18

Mammalian synapomorphies

Answer 18

shared derived traits that distinguish mammals:
-warm blooded
-viviparity (live birth, not egg laying)
-lactation and mammary glands.

Question 19

the traits of mammalian synapomorphies are _ for primates

Answer 19

primitive: shared with last common ancestor and with all other mammals.

Question 20

the distribution of living non-human primates

Answer 20

found in tropical areas. Cause of global warming, they used to be more distributed as they are now. Proven through fossil record.

Question 21

4 primate charcteristics

Answer 21

1. grasping hands and feet
2. sensory system
3. large, complex brains and associated behaviour
4. dental specializations, but generalized skeleton.

Question 22

explain grasping hands and feet

Answer 22

-opposable thumbs and toes (humans are the only ones without the toes)
-nails, not claws
-sensitive tactile pads
-power grip and precision grip

Question 23

describe power and precision grip (grasping hands and feet)

Answer 23

power grip: strongly squeeze object between finger pads and palm which allows full strength of the forearm muscles to be applied (tennis racket grip, swinging from trees)
Precision grip: use just the tips of your fingers - for fine control (picking up grape, groom each other)

Question 24

Sensory systems - vision

Answer 24

forward facing eyes:
-stereoscopic vision (depth, 3d, makes our vision more narrow)
-depth perception
vision reliance:
-elaboration of the visual brain centres
colour vision:
-everyone is at least dichromatic (blue/green), most are trichromatic (RBG)

Question 25

cranial anatomy to protect the eye

Answer 25

-all primates have a postorbital bar (prevents deforming when chewing, etc) -haplorhines (higher primates) have a postorbital closure (completely encloses eye socket) -non-primate mammals usually only have postorbital process (no ring/bony cup)