ANTITB

Question 1

What is the mechanism of action of Isoniazid?

Answer 1

Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis (via KatG activation)

Used for TB (active and latent) and non-TB mycobacteria

Question 2

List the indications for Rifampicin.

Answer 2

• TB
• Leprosy
• Brucellosis
• Resistant staph infections

Also a potent CYP450 inducer

Question 3

What are the side effects of Pyrazinamide?

Answer 3

• Hepatotoxicity
• Hyperuricaemia
• Joint pain

Specific to M. tuberculosis

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Ethambutol inhibits ___________ to block arabinogalactan synthesis.

Answer 4

arabinogalactan synthesis

Used to prevent resistance in TB

Question 5

What type of drug is Bedaquiline?

Answer 5

Inhibits mycobacterial ATP synthase

Used for MDR-TB

Question 6

What is the mechanism of action of Rifabutin?

Answer 6

Binds RNA polymerase (similar to rifampicin), less potent enzyme inducer

Used for TB and MAC prophylaxis

Question 7

What are the common side effects of Linezolid?

Answer 7

• Haematological toxicity
• Neurotoxicity
• Headache
• GI upset

Used for MDR-TB

Question 8

True or False: Moxifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone that inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.

Answer 8

True

Used for MDR-TB

Question 9

What is the main indication for the use of Streptomycin?

Answer 9

TB (previously used; now limited due to toxicity)

An aminoglycoside that inhibits protein synthesis

Question 10

List the side effects of Amikacin.

Answer 10

• Ototoxicity
• Nephrotoxicity

Used for MDR-TB

Question 11

Fill in the blank: Ethionamide is similar to __________ and inhibits mycolic acid synthesis.

Answer 11

isoniazid

Used for MDR-TB

Question 12

What is the mechanism of action of Pretomanid?

Answer 12

Inhibits mycolic acid and protein synthesis, disrupts cell wall

Used in BPaL regimen for MDR-TB

Question 13

What are the side effects associated with Rifampicin?

Answer 13

• Hepatitis
• GIT upset
• Rash
• Orange discoloration of body fluids

It is a first-line Rifamycin drug

Question 14

What is the drug group classification for Pyrazinamide?

Answer 14

First-line

It is specific to M. tuberculosis

Question 15

List the side effects of Ethambutol.

Answer 15

• Retrobulbar neuritis (ocular toxicity)
• Hyperuricaemia
• Joint pain

Important to monitor for ocular toxicity

Question 16

What is the primary indication for the use of Levofloxacin?

Answer 16

MDR-TB

A fluoroquinolone that inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV

Question 17

What is the mechanism of action of Imipenem/Meropenem?

Answer 17

Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis

Used in combination for MDR/XDR-TB

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The drug group classification for Bedaquiline is __________.

Answer 18

Second-line (Group A)

Inhibits mycobacterial ATP synthase