latent period
muscle is excited but not contracting
Length tension relationship- overly shortened
overly shortened- no momentum for sliding to occur; some myosin heads are unable to form crossbridge, so no overlap with the thin filament
length tension relationship- overly stretched
some myosin and actin are unable to overlap
Muscle energetics
stored ATP, Creatine phosphate
stored ATP give energy for how long
about 5 seconds
reactions for creatine and ATP
CP+ADP <—>ATP+C
creatine phosphate can least for about how long
10 seconds
relationship between ATP and Creatine
low ATP= creatine phosphate to ATP
high ATP= ATP to creatine phosphate
aerobic pathway
glucose broken to pyruvic acid, used an oxygen so fatty acids and amino acids go into mitochondria and large amount of ATP, CO2, H2O released
anaerobic pathway
glycolysis in cytosol to pyruvic acid, no oxygen is being used so it jumps to lactic acid.
delayed onset muscle soreness
microtears between actin and myosin. confined to eccentric muscles. very small tears in muscle, connective tissue, or tendons
isotonic
same force throughout entire ROM
isometric
no change in muscle length
concentric
muscle generates with a force greater than resistance, shortens
eccentric
muscle contracts with a force less than resistance, lengthens
myoglobin
pigment that stores oxygen in muscles
slow twitch
red; type I; contains lots of myoglobin; high amounts of mitochondria;
fast twitch glycolytic
generates ATP from glycolysis; low amounts of mitochondria; highest threshold
fast twitch intermediate
not much myoglobin; in between type 1 and type 2b
first class lever
resistance, fulcrum, force
second class lever
fulcrum, resistance, force
third class lever
resistance, force, fulcrum
smooth muscle
no striations, single nucleus, spindle shaped, NOT well defined SR, no T tubules, most are a single unit
actin and myosin in smooth muscle
not organized into sarcomeres, no troponin or tropomyosin
greater ratio myosin to actin
more cross bridge units per actin
