artic subsystem

Question 1

in the past, _____ were the primary intervention target

Answer 1

oral articulators

Question 2

in current ix, oral articulators can be the last target in ___ tx, but NOT ___ tx

Answer 2

• dysarthria
• apraxia

Question 3

how do we deal with artic indirectly?

Answer 3

ax resp, laryngeal, and VP systems first

Question 4

speech range of motion (mm) for:

a) jaw opening
b) lip protrusion/separation
c) tongue elevation
d) tongue forward

Answer 4

a) 3-20mm
b) 10-12mm
c) 10-15mm
d) 10-15mm

Question 5

speech artic speed (mm/s) for:

a) tongue tip
b) tongue dorsum
c) jaw

Answer 5

a) 70-100 mm/s
b) 40 mm/s
c) 15-30 mm/s

Question 6

in speech, which lip does more work: lower or upper?

Answer 6

lower

Question 7

define weakness vs fatigue

Answer 7

• weakness: reduced ability to produce force
• fatigue: decrease in strength over time

Question 8

tongue force maximum (N)? what % of the maximum does speech use?

Answer 8

• 6-30 n
• 5-20%

Question 9

what tool can you use to measure non-speech tongue pressures?

Answer 9

IOPI

Question 10

T or F: any condition can produce weakness

Answer 10

true

Question 11

which articulator has more sensory responders: jaw, tongue, lips

Answer 11

jaw

Question 12

infer changes in muscle tone based on… (3)

Answer 12

• observations at rest
• reduction in ROM
• reduction in speed

Question 13

incoordination can be described as… (1)

Answer 13

timing abnormalities bw diff subsystems or within one subsystem

Question 14

in MSD, you can expect ___ segments

Answer 14

longer

Question 15

T or F: in MSD, you can expect more formant variability across an utterance

Answer 15

false – less variability* (shallow F2 slopes)

Question 16

T or F: intelligibility = articulatory proficiency

Answer 16

false – intelligibility can be impacted by other subsystems

Question 17

what is bite block used to assess?

Answer 17

tongue and lip mobility independent from jaw

Question 18

bite block may make speech worse if…

Answer 18

jaw is used for compensation

Question 19

you can infer coordination and sequencing from… (4)

Answer 19

• /pataka/
• multi-syllabic words
• sentences
• tongue twisters

Question 20

what can we measure easily with acoustics – segment durations / timing info? (3)

Answer 20

• vowel durations (stress)
• VOT
• fricative durations

Question 21

what can we measure easily with acoustics – frequency / spectral measures? (2)

Answer 21

• vowel and diphthong formant frequencies
• vowel space

Question 22

in electropalatography, tongue-palate contacts are detected as a function of ___

Answer 22

time

Question 23

cons of EPG? (2)

Answer 23

• expensive
• time-consuming

Question 24

early goal of artic tx?

Answer 24

successful practice thru optimizing task complexity

Question 25

T or F: for artic tx, we should use intact modalities

Answer 25

true

Question 26

T or F: for artic tx, you should work on sounds in isolation

Answer 26

generally false (unless you are VERY early in the acquisition stage -- otherwise start at syllable level)

Question 27

tx techniques? (7)

Answer 27

1. elicitation (shaping and cueing) 2. artic drills 3. prosodic methods 4. bite block 5. augmented visual feedback 6. botox 7. non-speech

Question 28

elicitation / cueing strategies? (5)

Answer 28

1. auditory 2. visual 3. gestural 4. graphic 5. tactile

Question 29

which cues work best?

Answer 29

depends on client

Question 30

examples of contrasts to work on during minimal pair drills? (3)

Answer 30

1. voiced-voiceless 2. bilabial-alveolar 3. stop-fricative

Question 31

steps for minimal pair drills? (3)

Answer 31

1. create word list 2. design blocked + massed practice followed by variable + distributed practice 3. use discovery learning if tolerated

Question 32

what is Clear Speech? (4)

Answer 32

- speak clearly - slow down - use big movements - speak as if your listener is hearing impaired

Question 33

Clear Speech as tx results in increased _____

Answer 33

contrast bw speech sounds

Question 34

what is Be Clear? (3)

Answer 34

- client generates strategies - model strategies for them - educate normal vs pathophysiology

Question 35

did Be Clear improve speech intelligibility after tx?

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

examples of augmented visual feedback? (4)

Answer 36

- mirror - ultrasound - EPG - acoustic (e.g., PRAAT)

Question 37

what is rosenbeck's Mind Over Motor Cognitive-Linguistic approach? (4)

Answer 37

- "i talk ok when i rmr what you taught me" - client to recognize difference - client to be willing to change - client learns to listen, evaluate, and self-correct

Question 38

listener and environmental strategies? (5)

Answer 38

1. maximize hearing and visual acuity 2. maintain eye contact 3. optimize physical environment 4. train communication partners 5. ID breakdowns and establish methods for feedback