Assessing Motor Learning - Chapter 6

Question 1

Does learning takes time?

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

What are indicators of motor learning?

Answer 2

• Performance improvement
• Consistency or stability
• Persistence (after a break, set back in performance
• Effort
• Attention (less attention to perfrom skill)
• Adaptability (Different environment conditions

Question 3

What is learning in this chapter?

Answer 3

Result of permanent change, not observable

Question 4

What is performance in this chapter?

Answer 4

Temporary, non-permanent changes are observable.

Question 5

What is a good indicator of motor learning or performance improvement?

Answer 5

When it is assessed over long period of time

Question 6

Performance improvement is a bad indicator of motor learning if…….

Answer 6

• The performance measure doesn’t truly show the gains
• Improved performance is a result of the acquisition of bad habits (focus is on outcome but detrimental ot cooordination or movement pattern wh

Question 7

In a performance curve, what does a negatively accelerating curve mean? What does that mean in terms of motor learning? What are possible examples?

Answer 7

A very rapid initial rate of improvement, followed by a gradual reduction in the rate of improvement

• When learning a new skill, there is a large initial improvement, and the rate of improvement slows later in practice

Question 8

In a performance curve, what does a positively accelerating curve mean? What does that mean in terms of motor learning? What are possible examples?

Answer 8

The initial gains are small, with larger gains occurring later

Example: Juggling

Question 9

In a performance curve, what does a linear curve mean? What does that mean in terms of motor learning? What are the possible examples?

Answer 9

It’s a direct relationship between performance and time

Question 10

In a performance curve, what does an S-shaped curve mean? What does that mean in terms of motor learning? What are the possible examples?

Answer 10

Positive and negative accelerating curves
- The learner obtains an AHA moment.

Examples: Such as not seeing common motor movement patterns and eventually understanding the motor movement

Question 11

What is a performance plateau? What could be the result of a performance plateau? (Not done)

Answer 11

No overt changes in performance

Variables may be affecting results: Fatgue, anxiety, lack of motivation

Question 12

What are limitations on performance curves?

Answer 12

Can provide a limited perspective due to averaging effects
- May mask individual variability
- Learning or lack of improvement may be misinterpreted

Question 13

What is a warm-up decrement?

Answer 13

A reduction in performance resulting from a period of inactivity

• Usually short in duration

Question 14

How can a warm-up decrement be impactful in performance?

Answer 14

How much performance loss occurs with a break and what is the amount of time or number of attempts it takes to overcome inital performance

Question 15

What can a performance curve tell us?

Answer 15

Performance curves can provide a means to evaluate changes in performance measures over time

Question 16

What do you do when want to measure performance changes?

Answer 16

Compare performance on a pretest with a posttest

Question 17

What do you do when you want to measure learning?

Answer 17

A retention test must be administered following a break from practice (retention interval)

Question 18

What do you do when you want to measure adaptability?

Answer 18

Perform a test on a related motor skill following a retention interval (transfer)

Question 19

What is a pretest?

Answer 19

Test prior to practice of a motor skill

Question 20

What is a prottest?
What type of measurment?

Answer 20

Test following practice of a motor skill
- Performance

Question 21

What is a retention test?
What does it measure?

Answer 21

Test following a retention interval; conditions are the same as in acquisition

Retention (remembering and forgetting)

Question 22

What is a transfer test? What does it measure?

Answer 22

Test following a retention interval; conditions are different from but also like those in acquisition
Adaptablity

Question 23

When and where do you do a retention test in terms of practice periods?

Answer 23

Must be administered following a break from practice (retention interval)

• To check for relatively permanent change and seeing the persistence of improved skill performance
• Usually after a post-test and a no-practice period has occured

Question 24

What does high degree of improvement usually mean in a measurement of retention?

Answer 24

assume learning has occurred

Question 25

What is absolute retention?

Answer 25

A measure of how much of a motor skill a person retains after a period of rest without practice Its a raw performance level on the first retention test after a rest interval - Does not compare the score to previous performance

Question 26

Why is absolute retention useful?

Answer 26

- Whether the learner can perform the skill after time has passed - How much of the skill was truly consolidated

Question 27

What does "difference score" mean? How could you calculate that score?

Answer 27

Is a measure used to evaluate how much performance has changes between two points in time. Peformance on retention test - Performance at end of practice

Question 28

What does a difference score tell you?

Answer 28

A small difference score (close to 0) means the learner retained most of the skill. A large negative difference score mean performance declined over the rest interval - Could also be loss of skill during the retention interval A positive difference score means performance actually improved without practice

Question 29

What is a "percentage score?"

Answer 29

Amount of loss in skill over the retention interval relative to amount of improvement in original learning OR How much of the performance improvement achieved during practice is retained at the retention test expresseed as a percentage

Question 30

What does a percentage score compare? And what does a percentage score mean?

Answer 30

1. How much you improved during practice 2. How much of that improvement you still show on the retention test 100% = All earning gains were retained 0% = no learning gains retained 100% = performance improved even more after practice Negative% = Worse than baseline

Question 31

How do you calculate a percentage score (or a percentage retention)?

Answer 31

(retention test score - baseline score)/ end of practice score - Baseline score) x 100 Baseline = total What could be the right way - (Difference score / change original learning ) x 100

Question 32

How do you calculate the change in original learning?

Answer 32

Change in original learning = Last practice score - first practice score

Question 33

How do you calculate the difference score? What is the difference score?

Answer 33

How much performance changed from the end of practice to the retention test. Difference score = Retention score - last practice score

Question 34

what is a "retention saving score"

Answer 34

Amount of time required after retention interval to return to the same level of performance as compared to the time required to reach this level during the original practice sessions Simple way to express it: "How long it takes to relearn a skill after a break, compared to how long it took to learn it the first time"

Question 35

How do you calculate measures of retention savings score?

Answer 35

- Original session took 10 sessions to reach a certain level - After retention interval, it took 3 sessions to reach that level - Saving score of 7 (10-3 = 7)

Question 36

Question what do you think in slide 24 0

Answer 36

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Question 37

What is a transfer of learning or test?

Answer 37

A way to measure how learning a skill carriers over to a new situation, variation, or related skill OR A transfer test checks whether a person can use what they learned in a different context or with new conditions

Question 38

When is the transfer test usually given?

Answer 38

After a post- test in a no-practice period (following a rentention interval)

Question 39

What are constrains of the learner could be?

Answer 39

Come back

Question 40

What is a positive transfer?

Answer 40

Facilitates a performance of a new task Or Learning one skill helps performance on another skill

Question 41

What is a negative transfer?

Answer 41

Hinders performance of new task OR Learning one skill interferes with or hurts performance on another skill

Question 42

what is a zero transfer skill? What are an example?

Answer 42

Learning one skill has no noticeable effect on another skill - Learning to swim does not affect learning to ride a bicycle

Question 43

What do you think slide 31

Answer 43

meow