ASSUMPTIONS

Question 1

COMPUTER ANALOGY

Answer 1

• Mind is like a computer
• Takes info (input)
• changes/stores it (process)
• recalled when needed (output)
• cognitive processes used in process stage

Question 2

COMPUTER ANALOGY EXAMPLE

Answer 2

-multi-store model of memory (Atkinson & Shriffin)
-info (input) through senses goes to STM
- then to LTM
Is output when required

Question 3

INTERNAL MENTAL PROCESSES

Answer 3

• humans are information processors
• cognitive processes all work together to make sense of and respond
• attention perception memory and language

Question 4

INTERNAL MENTAL PROCESSES EXAMPLE

Answer 4

• Dog
• pay attention
• perceive features
• use memory to find a match to something we have seen already
• language to name it

Question 5

SCHEMAS

Answer 5

• organised packets of information built up through experiences
• stored in LTM
• derived from past experiences yet can be refined through interaction
• not always true to reality as built up through social exchange rather than personal

Question 6

SCHEMAS EXAMPLE

Answer 6

• Burglar schema: young, male balaclava
• event schema (scripts): restaurant
• role schemas: nurse

Question 7

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF FREE WILL

Answer 7

• humans in charge of emotions and have free will to change them
• strengths and virtues can be enhanced to achieve the good life
• happiness not due to genes rather knowing our strengths and developing them to reduce negativity (seligman)

Question 8

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF FREE WILL EXAMPLE

Answer 8

• Dierner and Seligman
• looked at ties students had to friends and family
• measured in how much time invested in each
• found stronger ties to friends and family happier
• negative correlation between happiness and depression
• shows in control as choose to engage in activities

Question 9

AUTHENTICITY OF GOODNESS & EXCELLENCE

Answer 9

• celebrate the good things in life rather than magnify the worst
• we have inherent traits ‘signature strengths’ eg kindness generosity and humour should be nurtured
• rather than fixing what’s wrong therapist facilitated positive well-being and achieving fulfilment
• focus on traits the produce goodness and excellence
• this understanding will protect individual from future mental health problems

Question 10

FOCUS ON THE GOOD LIFE

Answer 10

• focusing on factors that contribute to a well lived life
• 3 desirable lives: pleasant, good, meaningful
• start and pleasant life and carry on to god life with good relationships and work
• need to develop strengths and virtues as they are natural forms of gratification
• good life is a combo of positive connection to others, positive individual traits, life regulation qualities

Question 11

EVOLUTIONARY INFLUENCES

Answer 11

• shows how the mind and behaviour has changed and adapted over millions of years
• based on natural selection where genes that increase the chance of survival are naturally selected and passed on
• EEA: environment of evolutionary adaptive ness. Environment species adapt to. Only behaviours that enhance survival are adapted.

Question 12

LOCALISATION OF BRAIN FUNCTIONS

Answer 12

• certain areas responsible for different functions
• cerebral cortex: covers brain and responsible for higher cognitive functions
• frontal lobes: thinking and creativity personality
• parietal: sensory info eg temp
• temporal: memory and auditory processing
• occipital: visual processing

Question 13

LOCALISATION OF BRAIN FUNCTIONS EXAMPLE

Answer 13

-Brocas area studies patients with language problems found damage in a specific area in left hemisphere

Question 14

EVOLUTIONARY INFLUENCES EXAMPLE

Answer 14

• altruistic behaviour parents risk their lives to save their offspring
• inherited adaptive trait as saving an offspring enhances survival of that gene pool

Question 15

NEUROTRANSMITTERS

Answer 15

• neurones electrically excitable cells form the nervous system
• communicate at synapse where message is relayed through chemical messengers (neurotransmitters)
• released from pre-synaptic vesicles in one neutron and inhibit or stimulate receptors in another Neuron
• Synaptic cleft is what they cross

Question 16

NEUROTRANSMITTERS EXAMPLE

Answer 16

• seretonin: mood sleep appetite too little causes depression
• dopamine linked to positive symptom of schizo