what is the actual name of ATP
adenosine triphosphate
what makes up ATP
3 phosphate
ribose 5 carbon sugar
adenine nitrogenous base
what are the bonds between phosphate in ATP
high energy phosphoanhydride bonds
which bond is broken to turn ATP to ADP
terminal phosphate bond is particularly energy rich
breaking it releases energy for cellular processes
role of ATP
active transport
muscle contraction
biosynthesis of proteins
nerve impulse transmission
by what is ATP hydrolysed
broken down by ATP hydrolase
what type of reaction is ATP breakdown
exergonic reaction
why is ATP break down exergonic
releases energy as ADP+pi is more stable
released energy is immediatley available
equation for hydrolysis of ATP
ATP+H20-ADP+Pi+Energy (30.6kj/mol)
why is ATP called universal energy current
used to supply energy in ALL living cells in ALL biological processes
why is ATP good
soluble - easily transported in cytoplasm
inert
releases energy in useable quantities so little is wasted as heat
easily hydrolysed
how is ATP resynthetised
from ADP+Pi via phosphorylation
how does substrate level phosphorylation work
phosphate group directly transferred from donor mol to ATP (eg glycolysis, krebs cycle)
how is ATP resynthesised from oxidative phosphorylation
energy from electron transport chain pumps protons which flow through ATP synthase adding Pi to ADP in mitochondria
whats the theoretical ATP yield
38
whats the actual ATP yield
30-32
how is 38 ATP made
glycolysis - 2 ATP, 2 NADH
link reaction - 2 NADH
krebs cycle - 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH
why is actual ATP yield less
energy spent transporting ADP, Pi
inner membrane is slightly leaky so protons diffuse back
