Attachment Flashcards

Question

Role of the father evaluation :

Answer 1

+ field - supportive research fathers - game playing mothers - sensitive responsive behaviour - socially sensitive - gay couples / single dads may feel they cant fully support their children

Answer 2

randomly divided a clutch of goose eggs * half-hatched in an incubator and the first ‘thing’ they saw was Lorenz * half-hatched with their mother * once hatched the two groups were mixed up and Lorenz observed who/what they followed * he varied the time between birth and seeing a moving object so he could measure the critical period for imprinting

Answer 3

in a controlled environment, infant monkeys reared with two mother surrogates * plain wire mother dispensing food, cloth-covered mother with no food * time spent with each mother was recorded * details of fear conditions * long-term effects recorded: sociability, relationship to offspring, etc

Answer 4

- generalising animal behaviour to humans ( we r complex beings due to social n cutural experiences etc) - extrapolation + supported by bowlby that infants require comfort to form a monotropic relationship , if this fails then they grow to be adults with poor socialiation - unethical to monkeys , distress to monkeys however did lead to understanding of attachment

Answer 5

1) cupboard love theory - learning due to association (classical conditioning) - food = US , Mother = NS then CS - infant now experiences pleasure as a response in mother's presence OR operant conditioning -+ ve reinforcement by giving milk when the baby cries so baby most likely to repeat crying behaviour -ve bcz mom re moves unpleasant stimulus of crying AO3 + face validity , makes sense that babies cry when they need food + backed by Pavlov and skinner -however impossible to carry out on actual babies due to ethical reasons - environmentally reductionist (reduces it to stimulus associations) - contrary to Harlow's monkeys who preferred comfort over food - alternative theory , monotropic , biological and evolutionary

Answer 6

- evolutionary explanation - Bowlby argues it is instinctual as forming a strong attachment is vital to infants survival as their mother provides food and security - babies use social releasers in order to form these which include , crying , smiling - mothers are biologically programmed to find these cute / alarming - critical period (first 30months) , inability to do so , permanent -ve social, intellectual and emotional consequences in infant - this bond acts as a schema / blueprint for future relationships in adulthood - bond is disrupted by distance / separation for long periods AO3 + Bowlby's work base on Lorenz - however there is sense of extrapolation , also this period is sensitive in humans not critical as suitable care can recover damage + applications eg need for physical contact after birth , investigate infant neglect and inspire Mary Ainsworth - lacks temporal validity as seeing the mother as a the primary caregiver is more of a 1940s view - modern parents share care giving - alternative explanations

Answer 7

- proximity to mother - exploration (safe base behaviour) - reunion response - sensitive responsiveness of mother

Answer 8

- mother and baby enter room with toys - stranger enters ( observe stranger anxiety) - mother leaves room ( observe stranger anxiety ) - mother returns (observe reaction) - mother leaves again and left alone - stranger enters -mother returns

Answer 9

Deliquency - behaviour outside the norm eg petty crime Affectionless Psychopathy - due to disrupted emotional development Low IQ - due to disrupted intellectual development

Answer 10

+ 44 thieves 14 thieves matched criteria for affectionless psychopathy , compared to none in the control grp , 12had experienced prolonged separation compared to two of the control . Suggests a link btwn maternal deprivation and deliquency - researh is corelational so maybe third factors eg extreme poverty / criminal relatives who r role models - monotropy underestimates role of father in early attachment - findings of orphan studies suggest children hv sensiive period not critical which can be reversed

Answer 11

nstitutionalisation refers to when a person becomes accustomed to the norms and routines of an institution (such as a care home or orphanage) and struggles to adapt to life outside that environment.

Answer 12

not recieving suitable emotional care from a primay attachment figure this can happen with freq / extended absences of the primary caregiver.

Answer 13

- total lack of care so no ability to form an attachment bond - more severe

Answer 14

- Institutional Privation

Answer 15

- romanian children grouped into those adopted while under 6months btwn 6months and two years . A control grp of British adoptees - each group assessed at the ages of 4 , 6 , 11 , 15 FINDINGS - adopted at 6months and after 2 showed disinhibited attachment - after 6 showed delayed physical/emotional/intellectual development - - adopted after 6 had low iq of 77 compared to below 6months of 102 - quasi autism in some cases CONCLUSION - adoption within the first 6months is importants as the rate of recovery depends on age adoption -effects of privation cn be severe and long lasting - sensitive not critical period

Answer 16

+ practical applications , changed policis around adoption - children were selected so maybe those more sociable were picked for adoption at a younger age + support for sensitive period , Tizard and Hodges , children adopted into caring fmilies coped more than in terms of bhavioural and peer relationships than children returned to their org abusive families , studies suggest adverse effect of instututionalisation cn be overcome with right care

Answer 17

- Internal Working model - infants develop schema , based on attachment to primary caregiver ,schema acts as templat for new relatoionships - Continuity Hypothesis - future relationships will follow pattern based on their IWM - Bowlby suggests children with a disrupted attachment with their primary caregiver in the critical period will have problems with development

Answer 18

+ support , Love Quiz on the newspaper ( find stats) + McCathy - found adults with long lasting secure frienships were securely attached in childhood suggests ... + prac applications , schools can address bullying + lonliness , potentially reducing costs to economy related to divorce + mental health linked to poor relatoships - correlational , no caue n effect , third part influence - early infant relationships may not be recalled accurately due to demand characteristics / social desirability -

Attachment Flashcards

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