Memory Flashcards

Question

What is non - declarative memory ?

Answer 1

- cant be consciously recalled and is difficult to put into words

Answer 2

Neuroimaging evidence -Scientific, objective evidence nderstanding LTM helps in areas like: Treating memory disorders (e.g. amnesia) Education strategies (revision techniques) ✅ Evaluation: High practical value → increases validity of the

Answer 3

Working memory = a limited-capacity system that temporarily stores and processes information for ongoing tasks (e.g. reasoning, comprehension). Replaced the idea of STM as a single store. Components: Central Executive Attentional control system Allocates tasks to subsystems Very limited capacity No storage of its own Phonological Loop (verbal/auditory info) Phonological Store: stores spoken words (≈2 seconds) Articulatory Process: inner voice; rehearsal keeps info in store Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad (VSS) (visual/spatial info) Visual images & spatial relationships Limited capacity Used for navigation, mental images Episodic Buffer (added 2000) Temporary store integrating info from PL, VSS & LTM Limited capacity Creates a single, coherent episode

Answer 4

Strength: Dual-task evidence Baddeley & Hitch found people could perform verbal and visual tasks simultaneously with little interference. Supports separate stores (PL and VSS). Improves validity over the Multi-Store Model. ✔ Strength: Brain scan evidence Braver et al. showed different brain areas active for verbal vs visual tasks (PL vs VSS). Provides biological support for multiple components. ✖ Weakness: Central Executive vague Baddeley later suggested the CE may consist of separate components. Lacks detail → difficult to test scientifically. ✖ Weakness: Over-reliance on lab tasks Evidence often uses artificial tasks (e.g. word lists). May lack ecological validity for real-life memory use. ✔ Application strength Helps explain concentration difficulties (e.g. ADHD). Used in educational strategies and neuropsychology → increases usefulness.

Answer 5

Context reinstatement - mentally returning to the scene of the crime , including physical and emotional state , dependend on cues Report everything - all details even if they seem irrelevant recall from a changed perspective - mentally recreate how the crime would be recalled from perspective of witness . holisic view . to minimise bias recall in reverse order to prevent the effect of schemas Ao3 gelsman - ppts watch films of violent crimes did standard vs cognitive interview 48hrs later standard = 29.4 correct items cognitive = 41.2 correct items time consuming to carryout and training

Answer 6

- Participants were given lists of words that were: Acoustically similar/different Semantically similar/different They were tested: Immediately (STM) After a delay (LTM) - STM → worse recall for acoustically similar words LTM → worse recall for semantically similar words - so STM and LTM ecode differently

Answer 7

This was a theoretical model, not an experiment. They proposed how memory works using a model based on existing research. 📊 Findings: They suggested memory has 3 separate stores: - Sensory Register - Short-Term Memory (STM) - Long-Term Memory (LTM) Information passes through via: Attention (SR → STM) Rehearsal (STM → LTM) 💡 Conclusion: Memory is a linear system of separate stores, each with different roles and processes.

Answer 8

- haptic (hands/touch) few secs -echoic ( sound) 2-3 sec - iconic (eye) 0.5 sec , large capacity

Answer 9

📝 Procedure: Participants were given trigrams (e.g. “XQF”) to remember They were then asked to count backwards in 3s from a number (e.g. 333, 330, 327…) → this prevented rehearsal Time delays varied (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 seconds) After each delay, participants tried to recall the trigram 📊 Findings: After 3 seconds → recall was high After 18 seconds → recall was very low 👉 Memory decayed quickly when rehearsal was prevented 💡 Conclusion: STM has a very short duration (~18–30 seconds max) Without rehearsal, information is quickly forgotten due to decay

Memory Flashcards

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