Attitudes

Question 1

Attitude

Answer 1

• A learned tendency to evaluate things in a certain way.
• To evaluate people, issues, events, objects. (We think of attitude as a moody teenager, or someone having certain attitude towards a certain topic).

Question 2

Attitude: Affective

Answer 2

• we may feel or have emotions about a certain object, topic, subject.
• Example: I am scared (an emotion) of spiders is an emotional attitude and shapers our attitude about spiders.

Question 3

Attitude: Behavioral

Answer 3

• how we act or behave towards object/subject
• Example: I will avoid (action/behavior) spiders and scream (action/behavior) if I see one. Influence our attitude.

Question 4

Attitude: Cognitive

Answer 4

• form thoughts/beliefs, and have knowledge about subject/topic that will influence and shape our attitude (perhaps prior knowledge that will help you shape attitude).
• Example: I believe spiders are dangerous (We have a belief they are dangerous) which forms our attitude.

Question 5

Attitudes Influence Behavior: Theory of Planned Behavior

Answer 5

• Intentions + Implications: We consider our implications of our actions before we decide on how to behave. The best predictor of our behavior is the strength of these intensions and implications.

Question 6

Attitudes Influence Behavior: Attitude to Behavior Process Model

Answer 6

• An event triggers our attitude
• Then attitude + some outside knowledge (what regarded as appropriate behavior) together determines behavior.

Question 7

Attitudes Influence Behavior: Prototype Willingness Model

Answer 7

• Behavior is a function of 6 things, the combination of which influence our behavior. Our behavior is a function of:
  1. Past behavior
  2. Attitudes – explained in Attitude to behavior processing model above. Attitude -> behavior
  3. Subjective norms – what others think about our behavior
  4. Our intentions – our behavior intentions
  5. Our willingness to engage in a specific type of behavior
  6. models/prototyping – a lot of our behavior is carried out from prototyping/modelling.

Question 8

Elaboration Likelihood Model for Persuasion

Answer 8

• More cognitive approach – focuses on the why/how of persuasion.
• 2 ways in which information is processed:
  1. Central Route of Persuasion: The degree of attitude change depends on quality of the arguments by the persuader. How much we are persuaded depends on quality of persuasion. ARGUMENT/Words are central!
  2. Peripheral Route of Persuasion: looks at superficial/expertise/non-verbal persuasion cues, such as attractiveness/status of persuader. The doctor himself is peripheral (he is the one delivering the words!)

Question 9

Foot in the Door Phenomenon

Answer 9

• We have a tendency to agree to small actions first. Eventually over time comply with much larger actions.

Question 10

Role-Playing

Answer 10

• What feels like acting starts to feel like you and begins to fit your attitude!

Question 11

Door in the Face Phenomenon

Answer 11

• you make a request for something significant which the other person would likely decline. Afterward, you make a request for something smaller for which the person would be more likely to accept.

Question 12

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Answer 12

• is the discomfort experienced when holding 2 or more conflicting cognitions (ideas, believes, values, emotional reactions).

Question 13

Situational Approach to Behavior

Answer 13

• We are placed in new situations every day. These situations affect our behavior. Under the branch of social psychology

Question 14

Elaboration Likelihood Model

Answer 14

• explains how attitudes are formed and likely they are to be changed.

Question 15

Authoritarian Parenting

Answer 15

• very strict, break will of child.
• Punishment.

Question 16

Authoritative Parenting

Answer 16

• parents are responsive to the child’s emotional needs while having high standards.
• They set limits and are very consistent in enforcing boundaries.

Question 17

Permissive Parenting

Answer 17

• Few behavioral expectations for child.