Attribution
Is a reason given to explain something that has happened
Attribution theory
- Perceived outcome of events
- Sport = reasons for winning or losing
- Given by coaches and players
- Needed to maintain motivation
- Task persistence
Weiner’s model 1974
- These reason fall into two sectors and put on model
- Each section sub-divided into parts which are lack of causality and stability dimensions
What are the 4 main parts in Wieners model
- Ability
- Task Difficulty
- Effort
- Luck
Which part is Internal and Stable
Ability
Which part is External and Stable
Task difficulty
Which part is Internal and Unstable
Effort
Which part is External and Unchangeable
Luck
Which part of the model should coaches or performer avoid attributing to
Ability
Why do coaches use attribution theory
- Ensure motivation after defeat
- Promote task persistence
- Self serving bias
Self serving bias definition
Using external and/or unstable reasons for losing
Self serving bias features
- Promotes self esteem
- Need to feel like the loss can be changed
- Must not attribute to ABILITY
Learned helplessness
Attitude where whatever we do will not get a different result
FAILURE IS INEVITABLE
What is a consequence of learned helplessness
Confidence and motivation decreases
What are the two types of learned helplessness
General
Specific
General learned helplessness
Bad at all sports
Specific learned helplessness
Bad at a specific sport
Strategies to avoid learned helplessness
- Develop self efficacy
- Attribution retraining
- Encourage self serving bias
- Avoid social comparisons
- Goal setting
- Control emotional arousal
- Provide opportunities for success
- Positive reinforcement/feedback
- One-to-one
- Verbal persuasion
- Observe successful demo by sig other
- Allow early success
Attribution retraining
- Strategies aimed at changing reasons of failure
- Change the perception and belief of the sports person by changing the reasons given for failure
