Home field advantage
Is the balance between confidence and anxiety- the influence often the crowd could increase confidence in the home team and cause anxiety in the away team.
Often describe as having an extra man due o the supportive and intimidating atmosphere
What are the benefits of home field advantage
- No travel
- Familiarity of the home environment
- More fluent style as feel more at ease
- Functional assertive behaviour- more drive assertion
What are the consequences of home field advantage
- Increases anxiety
- Hostile chanting
- Commit more fouls due to anxiety
- Social inhibition = choke
Social facilitation
Performance is made better due to the presence of others
Social inhibition
Performance is made worse due to the presence of others
What does BEDTOP stand for
Behavioural
Effects
Due
To
Others
Present
What are the others that could be present (4)
- Audience
- Co-actor
- Competitors
- Social reinforcers
Audience
Watches them play. They have a huge effect on performance
Passive audience
Silent crowd
Co-actor
Doing the same activity but not in direct competition- merely their presence
Eg. Another jogger in the park
Competitors (Competitive co-actors)
In direct competition with you
Social reinforcers
Have a direct influence on the performance and their presence is part of event
Eg. Coach
Who’s model is used to explain the influence of others being present in relation to social inhibition and facilitation
Zajonc’s model
How is a Expert (autonomous) influenced by the presence of others
- usually can cope with being watched
- Performance is facilitated
- DR = correct and well learnt
How is a novice (cognitive) influenced by the presence of others
- Usually finds it daunting, and put off by the audience
- Over aroused
- High anxiety
- Performance is inhibited
- DR = few mistakes and needs lots of attention
How are simple skills influenced by the presence of others
- Less decision making
- Can be performed at high levels of arousal
- Performance is facilitated
How are complex skills influenced by the presence of others
- More decision making
- More mistakes
- Performance is inhibited
Evaluation apprehension
Perceived fear of being watched and judged so performance will decrease
Baron’s distraction conflict theory
- Linked presence of audience to info processing
- Audience takes up attentional capacity
- Complex skills need more attention
- Needs to focus on task and block out distractions (selective attention)
How would you limit the effects of the audience (9)
- Learn new skills in absence of audience
- Audience gradually introduced during training
- Strategies to help block out crowd
- Visualise performing in front of audience
- Improve self efficacy
- Increase selective attention
- Reduced importance of event
- Avoid social comparisons
- Teammates supportive
