Confidence
A belief in the ability to master a task
Self-confidence
General feeling of positivity towards an event
Trait confidence
A belief in the ability to do well in a range of sports
Innate (Can’t change)
State confidence
A belief in the ability to master a specific sporting moment
Changeable
Confidence in sport
A belief in the ability to do/master the task
Really important in sport
Vealey’s model of sports confidence
Looks at the influence of trait and state confidence, the situation and competitive orientation of the performer
What does Vealey’s model suggest
Suggest that confidence gained in one area of sport can be used to improve confidence in a different sporting activity.
Confidence in sport will vary
Vealeys model diagram
I——— Obj sport sit——I
I I I
Trait S-C State S-C. Comp O
I I I
I Perf of skill I
I I I
I– Percieve outcome of skill
Objective sport situation
Type of skill being performed
Trait sports confidence stage (Vealey’s model)
- Innate
- Stable
- Existing level of confidence you have about a sport
- Own belief to succeed
Competitive orientation stage
- How much a performer is down to a challenging situation.
- Prepared to compete.
- Influence our State sports confidence.
State sports confidence stage (Vealey’s model)
- Particular situation
- Feeling of confidence impacts on behavioural response
Performance of skill stage (Vealey’s model)
- Feeling of confidence will impact your behavioural response
- High confidence- Approach behaviour. High self esteem towards activity. Good performance
- Low confidence- Avoidance behaviour- anxious and apprehensive. Poor performance
Perceived outcome stage (Vealey’s model)
- Subjective
- How well do they feel. about skill just performed
- Positive = reinforce high levels of state and trait confidence and have more competitive orientation
- Negative = will reinforce low levels of trait and state confidence, and have less competitive orientation
Strategies to improve state sports confidence (6)
- Mastery of skill
- Demos
- Physical and mental practice
- Social reinforcement
- Effective leadership
- Environmental comfort
How to promote confidence (6)
- Attribute succes internally
- Give accurate demos
- Show similar aged role models successfully doing the task
- Use positive reinforcement and encouragement
- Set attainable goals
- Allow early success
- Control arousal with relaxation techniques and imagery
Self-efficacy
Situation specific confidence towards an event
Self-efficacy theory (Bandura)
- People with high self-efficacy display approach behaviour
- They attribute to success to their own merits
- This builds confidence and increase future expectations
Bandura self-efficacy diagram
Performance accomplishments
Vicarious experiences
Verbal persuasion
Emotional control
I
Efficacy expectations
I
Athletic performance
Factors affecting self-efficacy (4)
- Performance Accomplishments
- Vicarious Experiences
- Verbal Persuasion
- Emotional Control
Performance accomplishments
- Success leads to high levels of confidence/ failure reduces confidence
- Remind yourself of past achievements
- Powerful as it if based on personal mastery
- Ensure success by making skill easier to allow for early success as a foundation for improvement
Vicarious experiences
- Modelling
- Watch others perform the skill in question
- This reduces worry (anxiety) and increase confidence
- Significant other
- Same level and ability
Verbal persuasion
- Encouragement from coach or significant other
- Develops self belief and confidence
- Positive feedback
- Reinforcement
Emotional control
- Attribute correctly/ self serving bias
- Some may need a little bit of nerves, varies person to person
- Optimal/correct level of physical/psychological arousal helps build confidence
