Axial Skeleton

Question 1

Occipital bone

Answer 1

• most caudal portion of the skull
• contains magnum foramen
• hard to see from a lateral view

Question 2

Parietal bones

Answer 2

• Sides of head
• dorsal to temporal bones
• forms the parietal crest

Question 3

Temporal bones

Answer 3

• Caudal portion of zygomatic arch
• immediately caudal to the lower jaw
• contains the auditory meatus

Question 4

Frontal bones

Answer 4

• where eye socket would be

- forehead of animal

Question 5

Incisive bones

Answer 5

• contains incisors
• most rostral bone
• only the top jaw

Question 6

Nasal bones

Answer 6

• Dorsal area of the snout
• triangular shape
• immediately dorsocaudal to the incisive bones

Question 7

Maxillary bones

Answer 7

• Upper jaw

- contains canines

Question 9

Zygomatic bones

Answer 9

• forms the cranial portion of the zygomatic arch
• cheek bone
• forms ventrolateral portion of the orbit

Question 10

Lacrimal bone

Answer 10

• Contains lacrimal gland

- found in the medial can this of the orbit

Question 11

Ramus of the mandible

Answer 11

Part of jaw that does not have teeth

Question 12

Body of the mandible

Answer 12

Part of the mandible that has teeth

Question 13

Mandibular symphysis

Answer 13

Connects the two sides of the jaw at median point

Cartilaginous joint

Amphiarthroses

Question 14

Mental foramen

Answer 14

Short holes in the rostral and lateral side of mandible

Question 15

Mandibular foramen

Answer 15

Short holes on the caudal and medical side of the mandible

Question 16

Angular process of the mandible

Answer 16

The first process from the bottom if on a carnivore

Question 17

Condylar process of the mandible

Answer 17

The second process on the mandible

Question 18

Coronoid process of the mandible

Answer 18

The most dorsal process

Question 19

Hyoid apparatus

Answer 19

• ventral aspect of throat
• ventral to the mandible
• supports the tongue and larynx

Question 20

Turbinates

Answer 20

• Thin bones that resemble rolled up scrolls found in the nasal cavity
• Form the frame of the internal membrane of the nasal cavity

Question 21

Vertebral Column

Cervical Vertebrae

Answer 21

7 in dogs, cats and horses

Atlas-wing shape

Axis contains the dens which is the pivot point for the atlantoaxial joint

Forms the atlantoaxial joint

Question 22

Vertebral Column

Thoracic Vertebrae

Answer 22

13 in dogs and cats
18 in horses

Ribs attach here only and connect via facets

Question 23

Costal facets

Answer 23

Articulation for ribs on vertebrae

2 vertebra to form 1 costal facet

Question 24

Articular facet

Answer 24

• Articulation for adjacent vertebrae

- where vertebrae connect to each other

Question 25

Vertebral column

Lumbar vertebrae

Answer 25

• 7 in dogs and cats
• 6 in horses
• Contains the mammillary process which is between the spinous process and transverse process
• It allows for more structure

Question 26

Vertebral column Sacral vertebrae

Answer 26

- 3 in dogs and cats - 5 in horses - immediately connected to pelvis between the 2 iliac wings - composed of 3 fused bones

Question 27

Sacroiliac joint

Answer 27

- formed by the sacrum and the ilium | - Synovial joint-freely moveable or diarthroses

Question 28

Vertebral Column Coccygeal vertebrae

Answer 28

20-23 in dogs 5-23 in cats 15-21 in horses Tail bone

Question 29

Ribs

Answer 29

Dorsal end articulates with the thoracic vertebrae Ventral end articulates with the sternum

Question 30

Costal cartilage

Answer 30

Connects the ribs to the sternum

Question 31

Costochondral junction

Answer 31

Joint that connects the costal cartilage to the ribs

Question 32

Intercostal space

Answer 32

Space between two ribs

Question 33

Sternum

Answer 33

Manubrium-most cranial bone of the sternum Xiphoid process-most caudal bone of the sternum Xiphoid cartilage: cartilage found on the caudal end of the xiphoid process

Question 34

Angle of the mandible

Answer 34

Replaces the angular process in herebivores

Question 35

Clavicle

Answer 35

Felines have a reduced clavicle, dogs do not have a clavicle Allows the forearm to be Lowell attaches to the shoulder rather than by conventional articulation Allows for wider range of flexibility