B RM- Reporting

Question 1

what are the 6 sections of a scientific report?

Answer 1

abstract
introduction
method
results
discussion
referencing

Question 2

how should reports be written?

Answer 2

-past tense
-3rd person
-have no plagiarism

Question 3

what is the abstract?

Answer 3

a brief summary of the report

Question 4

what does the abstract include?

Answer 4

aim
method (design)
result
conclusion

Question 5

what is the purpose of an abstract?

Answer 5

to provide a brief overview of the study so that a researcher can determine whether it is relevant and whether they should read the entire report

Question 6

when is the abstract written?

Answer 6

LAST
(despite being at the start of the report)

Question 7

what does the introduction include?

Answer 7

a brief summary of previous research, how hypotheses were reached and the purpose and context of the research
-introduces the background of the study
-structured in a way that leads the researcher logically to the aims and hypothesis

Question 8

purpose of method section

Answer 8

provides a detailed description of how the study was carried out

Question 9

what does the method section include?

Answer 9

-sampling
-consent forms
-how IV and DV were operationalised
-any controls over CV
-detailed step by step explanation of procedure and experimental method used

Question 10

what four sections is the method divided into?

Answer 10

design
participants (sample)
materials
procedure

Question 11

what is mentioned in the design section of method?

Answer 11

-what type of study (experiment, correlation, observation)
-what are the variables
-experimental design- matched pairs, repeated measures or independent groups

Question 12

what is mentioned in the participants (sample) section of method?

Answer 12

-sample strategy used
-did you advertise
-number of participants chosen
-how you chose them

Question 13

what is mentioned in the materials section of method?

Answer 13

-details of any materials used
-consent forms and debrief forms

Question 14

what is mentioned in the procedure section of method?

Answer 14

-how study was carried out
-standardised instructions used
-self report/ questionnaire/ observation/ test
-where it was conducted
-researcher who tested them
-time taken/ given

Question 15

why are standardised instructions important?

Answer 15

-ensure study can be easily replicated with other researchers to create a larger sample
-ensure all ppts have the same experience to reduce over EV and experimenter effects

Question 16

what should standardised instructions include?

Answer 16

-clear details of what the ppt needs to do
-details of procedure e.g. time taken
-ethical considerations and right to withdraw
-check their understanding- any questions?

Question 17

what should be included in consent forms (method section)?

Answer 17

most crucial thing: place for ppt to sign and date the form
-purpose of study
-what ppt is doing
-duration
-how to withdraw
-issues of confidentiality and anonymity

Question 18

what should be included in debrief forms?

Answer 18

-purpose of study
-how and when results are available
-right to withdraw data
-psychological harm
-contact for further enquiries or information

Question 19

what is the results section?

Answer 19

a detailed summary of all the results including descriptive analysis of results (graphs, measures of central tendency and dispersion)
-any qualitative data is presented too
-inferential analysis of the results- stat tests and probability levels

Question 20

what does the discussion section include?

Answer 20

-conclusions that can be drawn form the data and observations about what the data might suggest
-any limitations of the conclusions
GRAVE EVALUATES STUDIES
the results are placed in the context of the existing research- introduction
-implication for economy and society

Question 21

what is the purpose of the reference section?

Answer 21

to help a reader find the sources the research has used
-readers can track down the exact source that was used to access the original article
-ensures that plagiarism is avoided and other researchers are acknowledged for their contributions and ideas

Question 22

how to write a journal article reference?

Answer 22

name(s) of author(s) (surname, initials)- publication date- article title- journal title- issue- page range

Question 23

how to write a book reference?

Answer 23

name(s) of author(s) (surname, initials)- publication date- book title- place of publication- publisher