B2 - Cell Division

Question 1

What are the three main stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 1

The duplication of chromosomes (interphase), mitosis and cell division.

Question 2

What happens in the 1st stage of the cell cycle?

Answer 2

The growth of the cell, duplicating of chromosomes and increase in number of sub cellular structures (mitochondria and ribosomes)

Question 3

What is mitosis?

Answer 3

Mitosis is when the chromosomes are split into two and go to opposing ends of the nucleus. The nucleus then splits into two.

Question 4

What is a stem cell?

Answer 4

A unspecialised cell that can differentiate into one or more specialised cell types.

Question 5

What is an adult stem cell?

Answer 5

A stem cell that can only differentiate into certain cell types.

Question 6

What are embryonic stem cells?

Answer 6

Stem cells that come from embryos that can differentiate into any specialised cell.

Question 7

Where are adult stem cells found?

Answer 7

Bone marrow.

Question 8

Where are embryonic stem cells found?

Answer 8

Early human embryos (usually spare from fertility clinics)

Question 9

Where does rapid cell division occur in plants?

Answer 9

Meristems (tips of roots and shoots)

Question 10

What is the purpose of mitosis?

Answer 10

Growth, repairing of cells and asexual reproduction

Question 11

How do the chromosomes go to each side of the nucleus in mitosis?

Answer 11

The chromosomes line up in the centre of the nucleus and the cell fibres pull them apart leaving the two arms of each chromosome to go to opposite ends of the nucleus.

Question 12

What is the term for cell division in bacteria?

Answer 12

Binary fission

Question 13

What is the third stage of the cell cycle called?

Answer 13

Cytokinesis

Question 14

What is the 1st stage of the cell cycle called?

Answer 14

Interphase

Question 15

What percent of the cell cycle is interphase?

Answer 15

90

Question 16

What percentage of the cell cycle is mitosis?

Answer 16

10%

Question 17

What is therapeutic cloning?

Answer 17

When a patient’s cells are used to create an early embryo clone of themselves- this can be used to treat the patient’s medical conditions

Question 18

What is cell division by mitosis?

Answer 18

Body cells divide to form two identical daughter cells.

Question 19

Give advantages of embryonic stem cells against adult stem cells.

Answer 19

Easier to obtain (spares from fertility clinics) and can differentiate into any cell type meaning better for treating more diseases.

Question 20

Give advantages of adult stem cells against embryonic stem cells.

Answer 20

Fewer ethical issues obtained from the usage of them (loss of potential life when using embryonic stem cells)

Question 21

Give disadvantages of adult stem cells.

Answer 21

Can take a long time for a suitable donor to be found (differing blood types) and can’t be used to treat as many diseases as embryonic