Painkillers use
Treat symptoms
What do white blood cells do
Engulf (phagocytosis) and digests the pathogen
Order of infection and response in the body (4)
- Pathogen enters the body with antigen on its surface
- White bloods cells detect antigen as foreign and produce specific antibodies
- Antibodies lock onto antigens and destroy invading cell
- Antibodies are carried around the body to kill any other similar cells
- Memory white blood cells are produced to remain in body in case of secondary infection
Antibiotics use
Treat infection (bacteria only)
Antibodies
Y-shaped proteins produced by immune system
Identify and neutralise antigens
Antigens
Molecule that triggers an immune response from the body
(Causing production of specific antibodies)
Antitoxins
Specialised antibodies
Neutralise toxins released by pathogens
3 drug tests
- Preclinical trial - test on cells and tissues
- Animal testing - test on 2 different mammals
- Human testing - 1. Healthy volunteers
2. People with disease
what does vaccination do
inject small amount of dead or inactive pathogens which carry antigens
what does vaccine cause
antibodies detect antigens on dead or inactive pathogen and attack them
vaccine eg
MMR vaccine
contains weakened versions of viruses that cause measles, mumps and rubella all in one vaccine
advantages of vaccines
help control lots of communicable diseases
outbreaks of disease can be prevented
disadvantages of vaccines
- dont always work
- possibility of bad reaction
