Bacillus

Question 1

Physical description of Bacillus

Answer 1

• G positive
• chains, palisades, clumps
• sporulating
• aerobic
• soil and leaves

Question 2

Description of Bacillus cereus

Answer 2

• acute food poisoning
• subterminal spores
• large, flat, rough, colonies
• NOT zoonosis

Question 3

Clinical presentation of B. cereus

Answer 3

• emetic variety; very acute, nausea, vomiting, cramps

- diarrheal variety; slow, profuse diarrhea, cramps, no vomiting

Question 4

Where is Bacillus cereus acquired

Answer 4

• cooked rice and pasta that has been cooled too slowly

- spores now germinate and produce toxin

Question 5

Description of the toxin

Answer 5

• emetic toxin; K+ ionophore

- 3 enterotoxins; hemolytic, nonhemolytic(pore former), cytotoxin(activates adyl. cyclase)

Question 6

Description of Bacillus anthracis

Answer 6

• anthrax
• central spores
• cut glass rough colonies
• poly D glutamate capsule

Question 7

Clinical presentation of Bacillus anthracis

Answer 7

• papule becomes large necrotic eschar

- disseminates and becomes systemic

Question 8

Epidemiology of Bacillus anthracis

Answer 8

• animals ingest spores from soil
• spores viable in soil for many years
• human infection from handling infected animals materials
• spores contact mucous membranes
• inhaled or ingested

Question 9

Action of spores of bacillus anthracis

Answer 9

• enter macrophages and germinate within phagolysosome

- activated by the O2 radicals

Question 10

Description of the toxin of bacillus anthracis

Answer 10

• tripartite AB type toxin, plasmid encoded
• B is binding, protective antigen binds to receptor
• A; lethal, MAPK protease; edema, calmodulin dependent adenyl cyclase, so makes cAMP and secretion of water into tissue, edema

Question 11

Restriction of virulence for bacillus anthracis

Answer 11

-both plasmid for capsule and toxins; pXO2(capsule) and pXO1(toxin)

Question 12

Control of bacillus anthracis

Answer 12

-penicillin(cutaneous), doxycycline, ciprofloxacin