Basic Arthrology

Question 1

Discuss mobility vs stability.

Answer 1

As mobility increases, stability decreases. (And vice versa)

Question 2

List and discuss the 3 types of cartilage.

Answer 2

1. Hyaline cartilage
   - articular cartilage
   - covers the end of long bones
2. Fibrocartilage
   - shock absorber
   - mensicus, pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs
3. Elastic cartilage
   - flexible, found in ears

Question 3

How are joints classified?

Answer 3

They are classified by structure or function.

Question 4

List the functional classifications of joints. (3)

Answer 4

1. Synarthrosis - immovable (sutures of the skull)
2. Amphiarthrosis - slightly moveable (between radius/ulna)
3. Diarthrosis - freely moveable (shoulder, hip)
   - any joint that is synovial is a diarthrosis joint

Question 5

List the classification of joints by structure. (3)

Answer 5

1. Fibrous Joint - joints held together by fibrous connective tissue
2. Cartilaginous joints - joints joined by cartilage
3. Synovial Joints - fluid filled synovial cavity; bones enclosed within capsule

Question 6

Discuss the types of fibrous joints. (3)

Answer 6

1. Suture - between bones of skull
2. Syndesmosis - bones joint by long strands of connective tissue (interosseous membrane between radius and ulna)
3. Gomphosis - teeth and mandible/maxilla

Question 7

Discuss the types of cartilaginous joints. (2)

Answer 7

1. Synchondroses - immobile joints with bones joined by cartilage (ribs and sternum)
2. Symphyses - slight mobility with a pad of fibrocartilage between articulating bones (pubic symphysis)

Question 8

List the components of a synovial joint

Answer 8

1. Articular capsule
2. Joint cavity
3. Synovial fluid
4. Articular cartilage
5. Ligaments (intrinsic and extrinsic)
6. Nerves
7. Blood vessels

Question 9

List the types of joints that are nonaxial.

Answer 9

• plane joint

Question 10

List the types of joints that uniaxial.

Answer 10

• hinge joint

- pivot joint

Question 11

List the types of joints that biaxial.

Answer 11

• condyloid joint

- saddle joint

Question 12

List the types of joints that multiaxial/triaxial.

Answer 12

• ball and socket joint

Question 13

Discuss the following pathology terms: 
Fracture
Dislocation
Subluxation
Sprain
Strain
Bursitis
Tenosynovitis
Synovitis
Capsulitis

Answer 13

Fracture: break in bone
Dislocation: joint coming apart
Subluxation: partial dislocation
Sprain: injury to ligament
Strain: injury to muscle or tendon
Bursitis: inflammation of a bursa
Tenosynovitis: inflammation of synovial sheath around tendons
Synovitis: inflammation of synovial joint
Capsulitis: inflammation of capsule