Chapter 26: Digestive System

Question 1

List and discuss the functions of the digestive system. (5)

Answer 1

1. Ingest food
2. Transport food (Propulsion via peristalsis and segmentation)
3. Digest food into usable components (mechanical and chemical digestion)
4. Absorb nutrients into the bloodstream
5. Expel waste products from the body
6. Secretion (enzymes, stomach acid, etc)

Question 2

List and identify structures of the digestive system on a diagram.

GI Tract (6) and Accessory Structures (6)

Diagram Pg. 778

Answer 2

GI Tract (what makes up the tube)

1. Oral cavity
2. Pharynx
3. Esophagus
4. Stomach
5. Small intestine
6. Large intestine

Accessory structures include:

1. Teeth
2. Tongue
3. Salivary Glands
4. Liver
5. Gallbaldder
6. Pancreas

Question 3

List and identify parts of a tooth on a diagram. (8)

Diagram Pg. 782

Answer 3

Teeth: Collectively known as “dentition.”
Gomphosis joint

Parts of a tooth:

1. Crown
2. Neck
3. Root
4. Enamel
5. Pulp Cavity
6. Dentin
7. Dental alveoli
8. Periodontal ligament

Question 4

Describe classifications of teeth. (6)

Diagram Pg. 784

Answer 4

Deciduous - baby teeth, 20 of them

Permanent - adult teeth, 32 of them

Incisors - more anteriorly placed teeth, tend to erupt first

Canines - between incisors and premolars

Premolars - between canines and molars

Molars - more posterior (3rd molars - wisdom teeth - often impacted/grow at an angle)

Question 5

Describe the arrangement of the peritoneum.

Diagram Pg. 785 (Mesenteries)

Answer 5

Parietal peritoneum - lines inside surface of the body wall

Visceral peritoneum - covers the surface of internal organs within the cavity

Mesenteries

• Greater omentum
• Lesser omentum
• Mesentary proper
• Mesocolon

Question 6

List the functions (6) and identify structures of the liver. (6)

Diagram Pg. 802

Answer 6

Functions:

1. Produce bile
2. Detoxify blood (drugs, metabolites, poisons)
3. Store excess nutrients/vitamins until needed
4. Synthesize blood plasma proteins
5. Phagocytize debris in blood
6. Breakdown and recycle RBC and damaged elements

4 Lobes

1. Right Lobe
2. Left Lobe
3. Caudate Lobe
4. Quadrate Lobe

2 Ligaments

1. Falciform Ligament
2. Round Ligament

Question 7

List and identify structures of the small intestine. (3)

Diagram Pg. 795

Answer 7

1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum (Primary region for chemical digestion and nutrient absorption)
3. Ileum

Question 8

List the functions (3) and identify structures of the large intestine. (10)

Diagram Pg. 798

Answer 8

Function:

• 1. Absorb most of the water and electrolytes from digested material *
     
     2. Store feces until body is ready to defecate
     3. Absorbs small amount of nutrients remaining in digested material

1. Cecum
2. Ascending colon
3. Right colic flexure
4. Transverse colon
5. Left colic flexure
6. Descending colon
7. Sigmoid colon
8. Rectum
9. Anal canal
10. Ileocecal valve

Question 9

List the functions (1) and identify structures of the gallbladder. (1)

Diagram Pg. 806

Answer 9

Function:
1. Store concentrated bile.

Structures:
1. Cystc duct (connects to) Common bile duct

Question 10

List and identify structures of the stomach. (7)

Diagram Pg. 792

Answer 10

1. Cardia
2. Fundus
3. Body
4. Pylorus
5. Pyloric Sphincter
6. Greater and lesser curvatures
7. Gastric folds