Basics

Question 1

What is evolution?

Answer 1

Change in the characteristics of a population over time.

Question 2

What is a population?

Answer 2

A group of the same species living in the same area.

Question 3

What are characteristics in evolution?

Answer 3

Traits like fur color, beak shape, or resistance to disease.

Question 4

Example of evolution in birds with different beaks?

Answer 4

If only birds with long beaks survive and reproduce, over generations the population will mostly have long beaks.

Question 4

How does evolution happen “over time”?

Answer 4

Slowly, over generations.

Question 5

What is biology?

Answer 5

The scientific study of life.

Question 6

What do biologists study?

Answer 6

What living things are, how they work, grow, reproduce, and survive.

Question 7

What are the 5 themes in biology?

Answer 7

Change
Design
DNA
ENergy
Connections

Question 8

What are the characteristics of life?

Answer 8

1. Order
2. Reproduction
3. 3. Growth & development
4. Energy processing
5. Regulation (homeostasis)
6. Response to environment
7. Evolutionary adaptation

Question 9

What does “order” mean in life?

Answer 9

Living things are organized into cells, organelles, DNA, molecules.

Question 10

What is evolutionary adaptation?

Answer 10

Traits passed through DNA that help organisms survive better.

Question 11

What does “response to environment” mean?

Answer 11

Living things sense and react to changes around them.

Question 12

What does reproduction mean in biology?

Answer 12

All living things make more of their kind, sexually or asexually.

Question 13

What is growth & development?

Answer 13

Organisms grow in size and develop in form or ability, controlled by DNA.

Question 14

What is energy processing?

Answer 14

Taking in and converting energy (e.g., photosynthesis, respiration).

Question 15

What is regulation/homeostasis?

Answer 15

Keeping internal conditions stable (e.g., body temp stays ~37°C).

Question 16

List the main levels of biological organization.

Answer 16

Biosphere → Ecosystems → Communities → Populations → Organisms → Organs/organ systems → Tissues → Cells → Organelles → Molecules → Atoms

Question 17

What is the biosphere?

Answer 17

The whole Earth where life exists.

Question 18

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 18

Living and non-living things interacting in one place (e.g., forest).

Question 19

What is a community?

Answer 19

All living things in an ecosystem.

Question 20

What is a population?

Answer 20

A group of the same species in one area.

Question 21

What is an organism?

Answer 21

A single living thing.

Question 22

What is a tissue?

Answer 22

Group of cells with a specific function.

Question 23

What are organelles?

Answer 23

Functional components inside a cell (e.g., chloroplast).

Question 24

What is the cell theory theme in biology?

Answer 24

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function.

Question 25

What do all cells have?

Answer 25

A membrane & DNA.

Question 26

Difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 26

Prokaryotes: small, no nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles Eukaryotes: larger, have nucleus and organelles

Question 27

What is ecology?

Answer 27

The study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment.

Question 28

What are the 4 main levels of ecology?

Answer 28

Organismal, Population, Community, Ecosystem

Question 29

What does organismal ecology study?

Answer 29

How one organism adapts (behavioral, physiological, morphological).

Question 30

What does population ecology study?

Answer 30

Size, density, dispersion, growth, and limits of populations.

Question 31

What does community ecology study?

Answer 31

Interactions among species (competition, predation, symbiosis).

Question 32

What does ecosystem ecology study?

Answer 32

Energy flow and nutrient cycles between biotic & abiotic factors.

Question 33

What is a habitat?

Answer 33

The environment where an organism lives.

Question 34

What is a niche?

Answer 34

The role an organism plays in its environment.

Question 35

What is systematics?

Answer 35

Study of relationships among organisms, including classification and evolution.

Question 36

What is taxonomy?

Answer 36

Science of naming and grouping organisms.

Question 37

What is binomial nomenclature?

Answer 37

Two-part scientific name: Genus + species.

Question 38

What is the hierarchy of taxonomy

Answer 38

Domain → Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species | Dear King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup

Question 39

Example taxonomy for humans?

Answer 39

A: Eukarya → Animalia → Chordata → Mammalia → Primates → Hominidae → Homo → sapiens

Question 40

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 40

Bacteria (prokaryotic), Archaea(prokaryotic), ex: cynobacteria, methanogens Eukarya(eukaryotic) ex: plant, animals, fungi

Question 41

Cell walls of domains of life

Answer 41

Bacteria ---> peptidoglycan archaea ---> no peptidoglycan eukarya ---> carbohydrates

Question 42

What are the two main approaches in science?

Answer 42

Discovery science (observation) & Hypothesis-based science (testing).

Question 43

What are the steps of the scientific method?

Answer 43

Question → Hypothesis → Test → Analyze → Conclude

Question 44

What is inductive reasoning?

Answer 44

Generalizing from many observations.

Question 45

What is deductive reasoning?

Answer 45

Making predictions from a general principle.

Question 46

What is a controlled experiment?

Answer 46

An experiment where only one factor is changed, all else constant.

Question 47

What are the limits of science?

Answer 47

Can only study the natural world, not supernatural.

Question 48

Difference between hypothesis and theory?

Answer 48

Hypothesis = testable guess; Theory = broad explanation with strong evidence.

Question 49

Difference between science and technology?

Answer 49

Science explains how things work; technology applies knowledge to solve problems.