what does TART stand for?
- texture
- assymetry
- restriction in ROM
- tenderness
what are the “acute” TART findings?
- T - hot, boggy, moist
- A - present
- R - pain on motion
- T - sharp pain
“red hot findings”
what are the chronic TART findings?
- T - cool, ropey, dry
- A - present
- R - +/- pain on motion
- T - dull ache
flexion / extension occurs on a […] plane and around a […]
sagittal
horizantal
rotation occurs on a […] plane and around a […]
transverse
vertical
sidebending occurs on a […] plane and around a […]
coronal
anterior-posterior
active motion reaches the […] barrier, and passive motion reaches the […] barrier
physiologic
anatomic
where does the restrictive barrier lie amongst the neutral, physiolgic, and anatomic barriers?
- between the neutral and physiologic barriers
- it is less motion than what the patient should be physiologically capable of
concentric and eccentric muscle contractions are both types of […] contraction
isotonic
what is isotonic contraction?
name and define the two types of isotonic muscle contraction.
- isotonic = contraction that results in change in muscle length
- concentric: contraction → muscle ends approximate (shorten)
- eccentric: contraction → muscle ends distance (lengthen)
define isolytic contraction
a “breaking” of muscle contraction due to force
example: arm wrestler losing, arm smacked down
define isometric contraction
a contraction that results in no change of muscle length because it is met with and equal and opposite force
muscle energy is a clinical application of […] contraction
isometric
list the spinal levels of each thoracic vertebrae
- T1-T3: at same vertebral level
- T4-T6: at 1/2 vertebral level below
- T7-T9: at 1 full vertebral level below
- T10: at 1 full vertebral level below
- T11: at 1/2 vertebral level below
- T12: at same vertebral level
what is the orientation of the superior facets of the vertebrae?
- cervical vertebrae - backwards, upwards, medial (“BUM”)
- thoracic vertebrae - backwards, upwards, lateral (“BUL”)
- lumbar vertebrae - backwards, medial (“bee, M”
bum-bul-bee, M
describe the superior facet orientation of the cervical vertebae
backwards, upward, medial
describe the superior facet orientation of the thoracic vertebrae
backwards, upwards, lateral
describe the superior facet orientation of the lumbar vertebrae
backwards, medial
in flexion, the facets normally [open / close] and move [cephalad / caudad], while in extension, the facets normally [open / close] and move [cephalad, caudad]
- flexion - open, move cephalad
- extension - closed, move caudad
what is the primary motion at each of the following
- OA
- AA
- cervical vertebrae
- OA - F/E
- AA - rotation
- cervical
- C2-C4: rotation
- C5-C7: sidebending
sternocleidomastoid - origins & insertions
- origins - manubrium (sternal head), medial 1/3 of clavicle (clavicular head)
- insertions - mastoid process
sternocleidomastoid - actions
- flexes
- sidebends away
- rotates towards
