Bio

Question 1

What is the function of the mouth?

Answer 1

Mechanical digestion (chewing) and chemical digestion of starch by amylase.

Question 2

What does the oesophagus do?

Answer 2

Moves food to the stomach by peristalsis.

Question 3

What happens in the stomach?

Answer 3

Churning, protease digestion, and hydrochloric acid kills bacteria.

Question 4

What is the role of the duodenum?

Answer 4

Receives enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver.

Question 5

What is the role of the ileum?

Answer 5

Absorbs digested food into the bloodstream.

Question 6

What does the colon do?

Answer 6

Absorbs water

Question 6

What does the pancreas produce?

Answer 6

Amylase, proteases, and lipase.

Question 7

What is peristalsis?

Answer 7

Waves of muscle contractions that push food along the gut.

Question 7

What does the rectum do?

Answer 7

Stores faeces.

Question 8

What does amylase do?

Answer 8

Breaks starch into maltose.

Question 8

What do proteases do?

Answer 8

Break proteins into amino acids.

Question 9

What does maltase do?

Answer 9

Breaks maltose into glucose.

Question 9

Where is bile stored?

Answer 9

Gall bladder.

Question 9

Where is bile produced?

Answer 9

Liver.

Question 10

What do lipases do?

Answer 10

Break lipids into fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 10

What are the two functions of bile?

Answer 10

Neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats.

Question 11

Why does the small intestine have villi?

Answer 11

To increase surface area for absorption.

Question 12

What do lacteals absorb?

Answer 12

Fats.

Question 12

Why are villi walls thin?

Answer 12

So nutrients only have a very short distance to diffuse, which makes absorption faster.

Question 13

Why do villi have a good blood supply?

Answer 13

To maintain a concentration gradient.

Question 14

What is ATP used for?

Answer 14

Provides energy for cell processes.

Question 15

What does respiration produce?

Answer 15

ATP.

Question 16

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 16

Respiration using oxygen that releases lots of energy.

Question 17

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 17

Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + (energy).

Question 18

What is the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 18

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O.

Question 18

How can you show that respiration produces carbon dioxide?

Answer 18

Use hydrogen carbonate indicator with germinating seeds — it turns yellow.

Question 19

What is anaerobic respiration in animals?

Answer 19

Glucose → lactic acid.

Question 20

What is anaerobic respiration in plants/yeast?

Answer 20

Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide.

Question 21

How can you show that respiration produces heat?

Answer 21

Germinating seeds in a thermos flask increase in temperature