Bio 5.2

Question 1

What is the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?

Answer 1

Polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons, while nonpolar covalent bonds involve equal sharing of electrons

This difference is due to the electronegativity of the atoms involved.

Question 2

What happens with valence electrons during ionic, polar covalent, and nonpolar covalent bonds?

Answer 2

• Ionic bonds: Electrons are transferred from one atom to another
• Polar covalent bonds: Electrons are shared unequally
• Nonpolar covalent bonds: Electrons are shared equally

The behavior of valence electrons determines the type of bond formed.

Question 3

What types of elements form ionic bonds?

Answer 3

• Metals
• Nonmetals

Metals lose electrons while nonmetals gain electrons to form ionic bonds.

Question 4

What types of elements form covalent bonds?

Answer 4

• Nonmetals

Covalent bonds form when nonmetals share electrons.

Question 5

When given two atoms, what type of bond will form between them and why?

Answer 5

The bond type depends on the electronegativity difference between the atoms

A large difference leads to ionic bonds, a moderate difference leads to polar covalent bonds, and a small difference leads to nonpolar covalent bonds.

Question 6

How does electronegativity determine what type of bond two atoms will form?

Answer 6

Electronegativity differences dictate whether electrons are shared equally, unequally, or transferred

This results in nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, or ionic bonds respectively.

Question 7

Define polar covalent bond.

Answer 7

A bond where electrons are shared unequally between atoms

This occurs due to a difference in electronegativity between the bonded atoms.

Question 8

Define nonpolar covalent bond.

Answer 8

A bond where electrons are shared equally between atoms

This typically occurs between atoms of the same element or similar electronegativities.

Question 9

Define ion.

Answer 9

An atom or molecule that has a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons

Ions can be positively charged (cations) or negatively charged (anions).

Question 10

Define electronegativity.

Answer 10

The tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond

Electronegativity values are used to predict the nature of bonds between atoms.