Biochem 2

Question 1

stages of cell cycle?

Answer 1

G0 - resting
G1 - cell growth
S - DNA synthesis (creates two sets of identical chromosomes)
G2 - cell growth

all above - interphase

M mitosis

Question 2

stages of interphase?

Answer 2

G1 - cells increase in size
S - DNA recplication
G2 - cells increase in size

Question 3

what are the steps of mitosis?

Answer 3

prophase -chromosomes condense, spindle fibres appear

metaphase - chromosome line up in centre

anaphase - centromeres split, pulled to two sides of cell

telophase - nuclear envelope forms at each pole

cytokenesis - cleavage of two new cells

Question 4

what happens in prophase?

Answer 4

chromosomes pair as chromatids
nucelar envelopes disintegrates

Question 5

what happens in metaphase?

Answer 5

chromosomes lineup in centre

Question 6

what happens in anaphase?

Answer 6

chromosomes move away to opposite poles of the spindle

Question 7

what happens in telophase?

Answer 7

chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell and form two nuclei

Question 8

what happens in cytokenesis?

Answer 8

cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form two identical daughter cells

Question 9

what is western blotting used for?

Answer 9

detecting presence and amount of protein (DNA)

Question 10

what is northern blotting?

Answer 10

detecting presence and amount of protein (RNA)

Question 11

what is xray crystallography used for?

Answer 11

detect structure of nucleic acids

Question 12

what is PCR used for?

Answer 12

used to amplify small amounts of DNA

Question 13

what ketone body can be used to give the brain energy in starvation?

Answer 13

acetoacetate

Question 14

what is TURP syndrome?

Answer 14

loss of 1.5L (input vs output)
hyponatreaemia
hypervolaemia
reduced osmolality

Question 15

what is 5 alpha reductase deficiency?

Answer 15

prevents conversion of androgen to estrogen
virilisation after puberty
46 XY

Question 16

HBA1c is a marker of diabetic control over how long?

Answer 16

8-12weeks

Question 17

average Hb concentration for a newborn at term?

Answer 17

17g/gl

Question 18

where is the chloride shift phenomenon seen?

Answer 18

RBC

Question 19

what proportion of plasma Ca is carried in an ionised form?

Answer 19

45%

Question 20

what is the major carrier of bound plasma calcium?

Answer 20

plasma proteins

Question 21

what substance inhibits reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+?

Answer 21

tea

Question 22

what cells are dependent upon anaerobic respiration?

Answer 22

RBC

Question 23

where is the body is ATP found?

Answer 23

intracellular

Question 24

blood results in conn’s?

Answer 24

hypernatraemia, hypokalaemia, alkalosis

Question 25

Which molecule do hepatocytes use to produce primary bile acids?

Answer 25

cholesterol