Wrong Exam Qs > biodiversity🌈🌴🐿 > Flashcards

biodiversity🌈🌴🐿 Flashcards

(41 cards)

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1
Q

explain importance of sampling in measuring biodiversity of a habitat

A
  • impossible to count every individual
  • sample is represetative of the habitat
  • sample provides an estimate
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2
Q

what is species evenness?

A

number of individuals of each species in a habitat

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3
Q

why is species evenness and richness used to assess biodiversity

A
  • both richness and evenness are used to reveal dominance of a species
  • high species richness and species evenness are needed for high biodiversity
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4
Q

what does a low simpsons index suggest

A
  • dominance of one/few species

- ecosystem unstable and less likely to cope with change

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5
Q

what is phylogeny and how is it related to classification

A
  • phylogeny is the study of evolutionary relationships between species
  • phylogeny is the basis of classification
  • common ancestry
  • closer relationship= closer taxonomic grouping
  • DNA evidence/ amino acid sequence/ base sequence
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6
Q

reasons to conserve a species

A
  • keystone species/impact on food chain
  • aesthetic reasons: beautiful
  • ecotourism: economic
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7
Q

why is it sometimes necessary to use ex situ conservation

A
  • habitat lost due to climate change
  • protection from pathogens
  • protection from herbivores/predators
  • reproduction difficult in the wild
  • competition reduced
  • reduced mortality of young
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8
Q

what are the advantages of conserving plants as seeds and not adult plants

A
  • remain viable for long periods
  • lower maintenance costs
  • large numbers can be stored
  • less susceptible to disease
  • cheaper to transport
  • take up little space
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9
Q

outline an unbiased sampling method to use on grassland

A

-quadrat

-random sampling method
-2 measuring tapes perpendicular to
each other to make grid
OR
-systematic sampling
-transect

  • take 10 samples
  • use identification key
  • sample at different times in the year
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10
Q

why are estimates of total number of species on earth inaccurate

A
  • some species may recently have become extinct
  • new species constantly being formed/evolution ongoing
  • some species difficult to distinguish/ scientists may disagree on classification of species
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11
Q

ways to ensure simpsons index value is accurate

A
  • standardisation of technique
  • random sampling
  • identification key
  • survey at different times of year
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12
Q

define biodiversity

A
  • range of species in an area
  • range of habitats/ecosystems
  • variety of alleles
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13
Q

why is it important to conserve species in particular areas

A
  • tourism
  • native species
  • part of local food chain
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14
Q

what is considered in an environmental impact assessment for building a wind farm

A
  • size of development
  • which species are present in area
  • potential damage to species in the area
  • potential strategies to minimise impact
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15
Q

how could a population of antarctic fish be conserved

A
  • ban fishing in the area
  • limits of numbers caught
  • protect habitat
  • ex situ/captive breeding
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16
Q

why might it become increasingly more difficult to discover new drugs

A
  • biodiversity is reducing
  • global warming
  • species which may have been sources of drugs will become extinct
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17
Q

risks of bringing species into a new area

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A
  • outcompete native population

- might not be adapted to local conditions

18
Q

why is the number of species identified by scientists lower than actual number of species

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A
  • not all areas explored
  • microscopic species difficult to see
  • concept of species difficult to define
19
Q

why is the number of species identified increasing rapidly

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A

-improved identification techniques

20
Q

if the number of endangered species stays constant as number of species identified increases what does this suggest

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A

conservation techniques working

21
Q

what does CITES stand for

Study These Flashcards
A

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

22
Q

aims of CITES

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A
  • regulate trade in endangered species
  • ensure trade doesnt endanger wild populations
  • prohibit wild plant trade
  • allow some trade in less endangered species
23
Q

aims of the Rio convention

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A
  • sustainable use of ecosystems
  • share genetic resources
  • promotes ex situ conservation
  • share access to scientific knowledge
  • international cooperation
24
Q

how do organic fertilisers improve crop yields

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A
  • add minerals to soil
  • nitrate phosphate potassium
  • nitrogen for protein
  • lack of minerals is limiting factor for growth
25
inorganic fertilisers are not toxic to organisms but reduce biodiversity suggest how
- promotes growth of one species - other species are outcompeted - reduction in soil quality
26
why reduction in biodiversity will cause problems for agriculture
- loss of genetic variation - lost genes may have been useful - eg gene for disease resistance - fewer pollinators
27
when conserving species why is it important to get them from different areas
- maintain genetic variation - reduced chance of disease affecting whole population - prevent interbreeding
28
what do plants need phosphate for
nucleic acids
29
why is nitrogen fertiliser needed
- fertiliser replaces lost nitrogen - nitrogen removed from soil by plant (depletion) - fertilisers maintain yield - nitrogen for amino acids for protein synthesis
30
factors to consider when selecting individuals for breeding programme
- unrelated - of reproduction age - higher proportion of females - health
31
how to ensure success of release programme after captive breeding
- make sure individuals are healthy before release - adequate food supply - no hunting - tag individuals to monitor
32
why might a species decrease in number
- global warming - change too rapid for adaptation - outcompeted - disease
33
when using sweep net how can you make sample more representative
- standardised seeeping procedure - use of transect - sample at different times of year - sample many times and calculate mean
34
explain importance of species evenness in determining biodiversity
- number of individuals of each species - higher species evenness means higher biodiversity - low species evenness indicates dominance of a species - used for Simpsons index of biodiversity
35
environmental impact assessment of motorway through ecosystem
- biodiversity - endangered species - reduction in size of habitat due to development - strategies to minimise damage to species
36
if there is a high simpsons index how does this affect planning of a development
- high biodiversity - should be conserved - development reconsidered
37
explain critically endangered
likely to become extinct | on verge of extinction
38
long term ways to preserve species after breeding programme
- ban hunting - reserves/sanctauries - breeding sites - protect habitat from destruction
39
benefit of genetic diversity
- allows for adaptation to changing environment | - provides variation for natural selection
40
adaptation of plant in shallow waters
leaves with stomata on upper surface only
41
what is species richness
number of species in an area
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