manipulating genomes😏

Question 1

Explain how the automated sequencing machine orders the DNA fragments from the PCR reaction into the size order (DNA sequencing)

Answer 1

• electrophoresis
• negative DNA moves towards positive electrode
• smaller fragments move faster
• resolution on gel sufficient to register one nucleotide

Question 2

in a saliva test what is the source of DNA

Answer 2

epithelial cells lining cheek

Question 3

role of PCR in sequencing genome

Answer 3

• amplify DNA

- range of different lengths

Question 4

role of electrophoresis in sequencing genome

Answer 4

• put DNA pieces in size order

- to read base sequence

Question 5

role of digestion of DNA by restriction enzymes in sequencing genome

Answer 5

• cut genome into smaller fragments

- cut plasmids for gene library

Question 6

Suggest why a genome has to be fragmented before sequencing

Answer 6

• genome too large
• fewer errors with small fragments
• divide job over time/ across labs

Question 7

vector to introduce foreign DNA into bacteria

Answer 7

plasmid/BAC/bacteriophage

Question 8

vector to introduce foreign DNA into plant cells

Answer 8

virus/plasmid/agrobacterium tumefaciens

Question 9

vector to introduce foreign DNA into animal cells

Answer 9

plasmid/ virus/ BAC

Question 10

pros cons of rice modified for increased vitamin A

Answer 10

• reduce vitamin A deficiency in areas where rice is staple
• reduce eye problems
• reduces rice genetic diversity
• clone may suffer from one disease
• expensive seeds

Question 11

pros cons of humans having somatic gene therapy treatment for a genetic disease

Answer 11

• better quality of life
• eg cystic fibrosis
• extend life span
• virus vector may cause disease
• dangerous procedure
• may be rejected