biomolecules

Question 1

Define biomolecule.

Answer 1

A molecule that is essential for life, including proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.

Question 2

What are the four main types of biomolecules?

Answer 2

Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.

Question 3

True or false: Proteins are made of amino acids.

Answer 3

TRUE

Proteins are polymers formed from 20 different amino acids.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Carbohydrates are primarily composed of _______ atoms.

Answer 4

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 5

What is the primary function of lipids?

Answer 5

Energy storage, insulation, and making up cell membranes.

Question 6

Define nucleic acids.

Answer 6

Biomolecules that store and transmit genetic information, including DNA and RNA.

Question 7

What is the monomer of proteins?

Answer 7

Amino acids.

Question 8

True or false: DNA is a type of nucleic acid.

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

Fill in the blank: Glucose is a simple _______.

Answer 9

sugar (monosaccharide).

Question 10

What is the primary role of enzymes?

Answer 10

To catalyze biochemical reactions and speed up processes.

Question 11

Define lipids.

Answer 11

Hydrophobic molecules that include fats, oils, and steroids.

Question 12

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 12

A double helix composed of nucleotides.

Question 13

True or false: Starch is a polysaccharide.

Answer 13

TRUE

Starch is a storage form of glucose in plants.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: Phospholipids are key components of _______.

Answer 14

cell membranes.

Question 15

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

Answer 15

Nucleotides.

Question 16

Define carbohydrates.

Answer 16

Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, typically in a 1:2:1 ratio.

Question 17

What is the function of glycogen?

Answer 17

To store glucose in animals.

Question 18

True or false: RNA is single-stranded.

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

Fill in the blank: Cholesterol is a type of _______.

Answer 19

steroid.

Question 20

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Answer 20

They facilitate the translation of mRNA into proteins.

Question 21

Define amino acids.

Answer 21

Organic compounds that serve as the building blocks of proteins.

Question 22

What is a polypeptide?

Answer 22

A chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.

Question 23

True or false: Cellulose is digestible by humans.

Answer 23

FALSE

Cellulose is a structural component of plant cell walls.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: Enzymes lower the _______ of a reaction.

Answer 24

activation energy.

Question 25

What is the primary function of **carbohydrates**?

Answer 25

To provide energy and structural support.

Question 26

Define **saturated fats**.

Answer 26

Fats that have no double bonds between carbon atoms; solid at room temperature.

Question 27

What is the role of **ATP** in cells?

Answer 27

To provide energy for cellular processes.

Question 28

True or false: **Unsaturated fats** are liquid at room temperature.

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

Fill in the blank: **Hydrophilic** substances are _______ in water.

Answer 29

soluble.

Question 30

What are **macromolecules**?

Answer 30

Large biomolecules made up of smaller units, such as proteins and nucleic acids.

Question 31

Define **peptide bond**.

Answer 31

A covalent bond formed between two amino acids during protein synthesis.

Question 32

What is the function of **chlorophyll**?

Answer 32

To capture light energy for photosynthesis.

Question 33

True or false: **Vitamins** are considered biomolecules.

Answer 33

TRUE ## Footnote Vitamins are organic compounds essential for normal growth and nutrition.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: **RNA** is involved in _______ synthesis.

Answer 34

protein.

Question 35

What is the role of **glycoproteins**?

Answer 35

To serve as recognition sites on cell surfaces.

Question 36

Define **hydrophobic**.

Answer 36

Substances that do not mix well with water.

Question 37

What is the function of **cell membranes**?

Answer 37

To protect the cell and regulate what enters and exits.

Question 38

True or false: **Fatty acids** can be saturated or unsaturated.

Answer 38

TRUE

Question 39

Fill in the blank: **Nucleotides** consist of a sugar, phosphate, and a _______.

Answer 39

nitrogenous base.

Question 40

What is the primary role of **cholesterol** in cells?

Answer 40

To maintain membrane fluidity and stability.

Question 41

Define **metabolism**.

Answer 41

The sum of all chemical reactions in an organism, including catabolism and anabolism.