Why did the Treaty of Karlowitz occur?
Because the Ottomans were decisively defeated in the Great Turkish War after the failure at Vienna
Why was the Treaty of Passarowitz favourable to Austria?
Because Austria had won key military victories and the Ottomans were temporarily weak
Why did Austria lose its Balkan gains after 1739?
Because it overextended itself and could not sustain prolonged Balkan warfare
Why was Küçük Kaynarca more important politically than territorially?
Because it gave Russia the right to intervene on behalf of Orthodox Christians
Why did Russia push for repeated wars against the Ottomans in the late 18th century?
To secure Black Sea access and weaken Ottoman control of southeastern Europe
Why did the collapse of Venice matter for the Balkans?
Because it removed a long-standing Mediterranean power and drew the region into great-power rivalry
Why did nationalism begin to shape treaties after 1800?
Because local populations began demanding autonomy or independence
Why did the Great Powers preserve the Ottoman Empire at Vienna in 1815?
To maintain balance of power and prevent Russian domination
Why did the Crimean War break out?
Because Britain and France sought to stop Russian expansion at Ottoman expense
Why did San Stefano alarm other Great Powers?
Because it created a large Russian-aligned Bulgarian state
Why was Berlin necessary after San Stefano?
To reduce Russian influence and prevent a major shift in the balance of power
