After Karlowitz, where did the Ottoman frontier retreat to?;South of much of Hungary and away from Central Europe
What did Austrian control of Belgrade signify?
Temporary Habsburg dominance of the central Balkans
Why was Crimea crucial geographically?
It controlled access to the Black Sea
Why was Bessarabia strategically important?
It strengthened Russia’s control of the Danube frontier
Why were the Ionian Islands significant?
They gave France influence in the eastern Mediterranean
Why was Bosnia-Herzegovina important to Austria-Hungary?
It blocked Serbian expansion and Russian influence
Why was Macedonia left Ottoman after Berlin?
Because Great Powers could not agree on its future
What geographical problem did Berlin create?
Small states with unfinished borders and mixed populations
Why was Bulgaria’s size controversial?
Because it extended from the Danube to the Aegean
What geographical legacy did Berlin leave?
A fragmented Balkans vulnerable to future conflict
