blood 1

Question 1

the 3 things in blood aka formed elements and one more

Answer 1

Red blood cells (RBCs)
* White blood cells
(WBCs)
* cell fragments
called Platelets

plasma

Question 2

The extracellular matrix,
called plasma, makes bloo

Answer 2

This fluid, which is mostly
water, perpetually suspends
the formed elements and
enables them to circulate
throughout the body within
the cardiovascular system

Question 3

The primary function of blood
is to

Answer 3

transport and deliver
oxygen and nutrients to and
remove wastes from body cells

Question 4

Other functions of the blood
include:

Answer 4

• Defense / Protection
• Regulation / Maintenance of
  homeostasis

Question 5

Functions of Blood - Transportation

Answer 5

Nutrients from the foods
you eat are absorbed in
the digestive tract
Most of these travel in
the bloodstream directly
to the liver, where they
are processed and
released back into the
bloodstream for delivery
to body cells

Question 6

Functions of Blood - Transportation
Oxygen

Answer 6

Oxygen from the
air you breathe
diffuses into the
blood, which
moves from the
lungs to the heart,
which then pumps
it out to the rest of
the body

Question 7

Functions of Blood - Transportation
Blood also picks up cellular
wastes

Answer 7

• carbon dioxide is brought to
  the lungs for exhalation from
  the body
• various waste products are
  transported to the kidneys
  and liver for excretion from
  the body in the form of urine
  or bile

Question 8

Functions of Blood - Transportation endocrine glands

Answer 8

which are scattered
throughout the
body release
hormones, into the
bloodstream, which
carries them to
distant target cells

Question 9

Functions of Blood - Protection

Answer 9

Many types of white blood cells
protect the body from external
threats, such as disease-causing
bacteria that have entered the
bloodstream in a wound
Other WBCs seek out and destroy
internal threats, such as cells with
mutated DNA that could multiply
to become cancerous, or body
cells infected with viruses

Question 10

Functions of Blood - Protection
When damage to the vessels
results in bleeding

Answer 10

blood
platelets and certain
proteins dissolved in the
plasma, interact to block the
ruptured areas of the blood
vessels involved
This protects the body from
further blood loss

Question 11

Functions of Blood - Homeostasis 4 things

Answer 11

Body temperature is regulated
via a classic negative-feedback
loop
Blood also helps to maintain the
chemical balance of the body
Proteins and other compounds
in blood act as buffers, which
thereby help to regulate the pH
of body tissues
Blood also helps to regulate the
water content of body cells

Question 12

Properties of Blood color

Answer 12

Blood rich in oxygen in the
lungs is bright red, and blood
that has released oxygen in the
tissues is a more dusky red.
* Hemoglobin is a pigment
that changes color, and
varies with oxygen
saturation levels

iron makes the blood change color

really dark with extrem breath hold

Question 13

Another property of blood is
it is thicker and stickier than
water.
Viscosity

Answer 13

is a measure of a
fluid’s thickness or resistance
to flow, and is influenced by
the presence of the plasma
proteins and formed
elements within the blood

if to thick very hard on boody aka blood doping

Question 14

The normal temp of blood is
slightly ………….than normal
body temp (…..), compared
to…….. for an internal body
temp
Although the surface of blood
vessels is relatively smooth, as
blood flows through them, it
experiences some friction and
resistance, which produces
some heat and other effects.

Answer 14

The normal temp of blood is
slightly higher than normal
body temp (~38 °C), compared
to 37 °C for an internal body
temp
Although the surface of blood
vessels is relatively smooth, as
blood flows through them, it
experiences some friction and
resistance, which produces
some heat and other effects.

Question 15

The pH of blood averages about
….. however, it can range from
,,..,., to ,.,.,, in a healthy person.
Blood is slightly basic (.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,) on
a chemical scale
Blood contains numerous buffers
to aid in the regulation of pH

Answer 15

The pH of blood averages about
7.4; however, it can range from
7.35 to 7.45 in a healthy person.
Blood is slightly basic (alkaline) on
a chemical scale
Blood contains numerous buffers
to aid in the regulation of pH

Question 16

Blood constitutes approximately…..percent of adult body weight
* Adult males typically average
,,,,,,,, liters of blood
* Adult Females typically
average ,,,, liters of blood
how much blood would it take to supply evreything at once

Answer 16

Blood constitutes approximately
8 percent of adult body weight
* Adult males typically average
5 to 6 liters of blood
* Adult Females typically
average 4 to 5 liters of blood

Question 17

whats the most common white blood cell

Answer 17

neutrophils

Question 18

verall, our body is composed of 91-92%
fluids and tissues, with just 8-9% of our
body weight is whole blood
Whole blood consists of 55% plasma and
45% formed elements:
The plasma portion consists of:
* Water (~91%)
* Proteins (~7%)
* Other solutes (~2%)
The formed elements include:
* Platelets
* White blood cells
* Red blood cells

Question 19

normal hematocirn

Answer 19

45

Question 20

low hematocirit

Answer 20

25 and low amneia less oxygen

Question 21

high hematocrit

Answer 21

70
blood dopping
polycthemia

Question 22

low plasma means

Answer 22

dehydration

Question 23

The three major groups of plasma
proteins are:
*
.
.
……….. is plasma without the clotting
factors

Answer 23

The three major groups of plasma
proteins are:
* Albumin
* Globulins
* Fibrinogen
Serum is plasma without the clotting
factors

Question 24

Albumin

Answer 24

(created in the liver) is the most
abundant of the plasma proteins (~54% of
plasma)
It functions as a binding protein for
transporting lipid soluble hormones
It is also the most significant contributor to
the osmotic pressure of blood
* It pulls water into the bloodstream from
the tissues
* This in turn helps to maintain both blood
volume and blood pressure

Question 25

Globulins

Answer 25

(~38% of the plasma proteins) are a heterogeneous group Alpha and Beta globulins are also produced in the liver * Transport iron, lipids, and fat-soluble vitamins. * Aid Albumin in contributing to osmotic pressure. (~38% of the plasma proteins) are a heterogeneous group Alpha and Beta globulins are also produced in the liver * Transport iron, lipids, and fat-soluble vitamins. * Aid Albumin in contributing to osmotic pressure.

Question 26

Fibrinogen

Answer 26

(produced in the liver) is the least abundant and makes up ~7% of the plasma proteins Despite it’s limited abundance it is essential component of the blood clotting process

Question 27

he lifespan of the formed elements is very brief. Red blood cells typically live for ====== Most white blood cells, and platelets normally live only a few =========== * Exception to this rules are the -===-=-=-= (memory cells) which can live for months to years

Answer 27

he lifespan of the formed elements is very brief. Red blood cells typically live for ~120 days Most white blood cells, and platelets normally live only a few hours to a few weeks. * Exception to this rules are the lymphocytes (memory cells) which can live for months to years

Question 28

what is called the prosses of making blood cells

Answer 28

This short lifespan means the body must form new blood cells and platelets quickly and continuously. The process is called hemopoiesis * haima– = “blood” * –poiesis = “production

Question 29

Formation of Blood Cells Prior to birth

Answer 29

hemopoiesis occurs in a number of tissues: * Beginning with the yolk sac of the developing embryo * Continuing in the fetal liver, spleen, lymphatic tissue * Eventually the red bone marrow takes over After birth, hemopoiesis occurs in the red marrow

Question 30

diagrammmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm