Blood

Question 1

What type of tissue is blood considered and why?

Answer 1

connective tissue (few cells - mostly ECM)

Question 2

What is the percentage makeup of blood?

Answer 2

1. 55% plasma
2. 45% formed elements (WBC, RBC, platelets)

Question 3

What is the composition of blood plasma?

Answer 3

1. 92% water
2. 7% protein
3. 1% dissolved ions (Na, K, Ca)

Question 4

What are the proteins that make up 7% of blood plasma?

Answer 4

1. 60% albumins (hormone transporters)
2. 25% globulins (antibody)
3. 4% fibrinogen (clotting factors)
4. <1% transferrin (iron transfer)

Question 5

What do blood collection bag have in them to keep blood as a liquid?

Answer 5

anticoagulant

Question 6

Why is plasma donation important?

Answer 6

1. clotting factors for hemophiliacs
2. immunoglobulins for immunocompromised
3. albumins for sever burn victims

Question 7

What is serum?

Answer 7

plasma minus fibrinogen - convalescent serum is used for immunotherapy

Question 8

What is the composition of the formed elements of blood?

Answer 8

1. leukocytes (WBC) - <0.1%
2. thrombocytes (platelets) - <0.1%
3. erythrocytes (RBC) - 99.9%

Question 9

Hematopoiesis

Answer 9

in red bone marrow - makes RBCs

Question 10

Where are blood cells degraded? And how often?

Answer 10

• degraded in liver & spleen (give feces its color)
• RBCs - 4 month
• WBCs - 1-2 days

Question 11

Which is larger WBCs or RBCs?

Answer 11

WBCs are larger

Question 12

What are thrombocytes?

Answer 12

platlets in mammals

Question 13

What are the functions of thrombocytes?

Answer 13

1. release enzymes, controlling clotting cascade
2. form temporary platelet plug at injury site
3. contain actin & myosin that contract platelet plug, pulling together vessel edges

Question 14

What is the structure of a blood clot?

Answer 14

1. fibrinogen converts to fibrin (at injury site)
2. fibrin mesh traps platelets & RBCs

Question 15

What animals RBCs lack nuclei?

Answer 15

mammals

Question 16

What color is venous and arterial blood?

Answer 16

venous: is not blue - it is O2-poor blood (deep red)

arterial: it’s O2-rich blood (bright red)

Question 17

Advantages of biconcave RBCs:

Answer 17

1. flexible structure
2. high SA:V (useful for O2 diffusion)
3. stack into “rouleaux” to prevent logjams

Question 18

What labels red blood cells?

Answer 18

glycoproteins

Question 19

What are the four types of blood?

Answer 19

1. Type A
2. Type B
3. Type AB
4. Type O

Question 20

Type AB specialties

Answer 20

• universal recipient
• rarest
• 4% of americans

Question 21

Type O specialities

Answer 21

• universal donor
• most common blood type
• 46% of americans

Question 22

What blood type can accept what blood type?

Answer 22

A: O & A
B: O & B
C: O, A, B, AB
D: O

Question 23

What would happen if your given the wrong blood type?

Answer 23

the wrong blood would cause blocked vessels to be blocked by agglutinated (clotting) blood

Question 24

Rh-antigen

Answer 24

• Rh+ have antigen (85% of Americans)
• Rh- lack antigen

Question 25

When does the Rh-antigen become a problem?

Answer 25

when the mother is Rh- and has more than one child with an Rh+ husband

Question 26

What happens to a child when there is a different antigen in mother and child?

Answer 26

hemolytic disease of newborn

Question 27

What is RhoGam and what does it have?

Answer 27

- stops maternal sensitization to Rh+ blood from 1st child 1. Rh antibodies 2. destroys newborns Rh+ RBCs in maternal blood

Question 28

Explain steps that take place when Rh-negative woman and Rh-positive man conceive a child:

Answer 28

1. Rh-negative woman with Rh-positive fetus 2. Cells from Rh-positive fetus enter woman's bloodstream 3. Woman becomes sensitized - antibodies form to fight Rh-positive blood cells 4. In the next, Rh-postive pregnancy, maternal antibodies attack fetal red blood cells

Question 29

What antibodies does each blood type have?

Answer 29

A- Anti-B antibody B- Anti-A antibody AB- None O- Anti-A; Anti-B

Question 30

What are the four glycoproteins?

Answer 30

1. N acetyl-galactosamine 2. N acetyl-glucosamine 3. Fucose 4. Galactose

Question 31

Answer 31

Structure of a Blood Clot a. platelet-fibrin matrix b. platelet contraction c. pull on fibrin

Question 32

Answer 32

Structure of a blood clot a- fibrin b- platelets c- erythrocytes