bonding

Question 1

What type of elements form ionic bonds?

Answer 1

A metal and a non-metal

Question 2

What happens to electrons in ionic bonding?

Answer 2

electrons are transferred from the metal to the non-metal

Question 3

What do non-metals become in ionic bonding?

Answer 3

Negative ions (anions) because the gain more electrons

Question 3

What do metals become in ionic bonding?

Answer 3

Positive ions (cations) because they loose elsectorn

Question 4

What holds ionic compounds together?

Answer 4

Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 5

Do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Answer 5

only when melted or dissolved, because ions can move

Question 6

What type of structure do ionic compounds form?

Answer 6

Giant ionic lattice

Question 7

What type of elements form covalent bonds?

Answer 7

Two non-metals

Question 7

Do ionic compounds have high or low melting points?

Answer 7

Do ionic compounds have high or low melting points?

Question 8

What happens to electrons in covalent bonding?

Answer 8

Electrons are shared between atoms

Question 9

What is a molecule?

Answer 9

A group of atoms joined by covalent bonds

Question 10

Do simple covalent molecules conduct electricity?

Answer 10

No, because they have no free electrons or ions

Question 11

Do simple covalent molecules have high or low melting points?

Answer 11

Low melting points

Question 12

Give an example of a covalent molecule.

Answer 12

Water (H₂O), Oxygen (O₂), Methane (CH₄)

Question 13

Why is diamond hard?

Answer 13

Each carbon makes 4 strong covalent bonds

Question 13

What is a giant covalent structure?

Answer 13

A large 3D structure with many covalent bonds, like diamond or graphite

Question 14

Why does graphite conduct electricity?

Answer 14

It has free (delocalised) electrons between layers

Question 15

: What type of elements form metallic bonds?

Answer 15

Metals

Question 16

What happens to electrons in metallic bonding?

Answer 16

Outer electrons are delocalised (free to move)

Question 17

Do metals conduct electricity?

Answer 17

Yes, because delocalised electrons can move through the structure

Question 18

What holds metallic bonds together?

Answer 18

Strong attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons

Question 19

Why are metals malleable (can be shaped)?

Answer 19

Layers of atoms can slide over each other

Question 20

Do metals have high or low melting points?

Answer 20

High melting points

Question 21

Why are metals good conductors of heat?

Answer 21

Delocalised electrons transfer energy quickly

Question 22

What are the three types of bonding?

Answer 22

ionic, covalent, and metallic

Question 23

What is a delocalised electron?

Answer 23

A free-moving electron not attached to one atom

Question 24

What is an ion?

Answer 24

A charged atom that has gained or lost electrons

Question 25

What is the force called that holds ionic bonds together?

Answer 25

Electrostatic attraction

Question 26

: What type of bonding is in diamond, graphite, graphene, and silicon dioxide?

Answer 26

Giant covalent bonding

Question 27

How many covalent bonds does each carbon atom make in diamond?

Answer 27

4

Question 28

Why is diamond hard?

Answer 28

it has a rigid structure with 4 strong covalent bonds per carbon atom

Question 29

How many covalent bonds does each carbon atom make in graphite?

Answer 29

3

Question 30

Why can graphite conduct electricity?

Answer 30

It has delocalised electrons that can move between layers

Question 31

Why is graphite soft and slippery?

Answer 31

Layers can slide over each other due to weak forces between them

Question 32

What is graphene?

Answer 32

A single layer of graphite (one atom thick)

Question 33

Name one use of graphene.

Answer 33

Electronics, flexible screens, strong materials

Question 34

What is silicon dioxide made from?

Answer 34

Silicon and oxygen atoms

Question 35

Why does silicon dioxide have a high melting point?

Answer 35

it has a giant covalent structure with strong bonds

Question 36

What is buckminsterfullerene?

Answer 36

Buckminsterfullerene (C₆₀) is a molecule made of 60 carbon atoms arranged in a spherical shape.

Question 37

How are the carbon atoms arranged in buckminsterfullerene?

Answer 37

The carbon atoms are arranged in hexagons and pentagons.

Question 38

What is the shape of a buckminsterfullerene molecule?

Answer 38

It has a spherical shape

Question 39

What are fullerenes?

Answer 39

Fullerenes are molecules made entirely of carbon atoms, and they can have various shapes, such as spheres (buckminsterfullerene) and cylinders (carbon nanotubes).

Question 40

What is the chemical formula of buckminsterfullerene?

Answer 40

C₆₀ (60 carbon atoms)

Question 41

What are the main uses of buckminsterfullerene?

Answer 41

t has potential applications in medicine, electronics, and nanotechnology (e.g., drug delivery, light storage).

Question 42

Does buckminsterfullerene conduct electricity?

Answer 42

No, buckminsterfullerene does not conduct electricity as it is not a metallic substance,