axial skeleton
- vertical, central axis of body
- head, neck, chest, back
- protects brain, spinal cord, heart and lungs
- attachment site for muscles
how many bones in axial skeleton? and which parts?
- 80
- skull
- vertebral column
- thoracic cage
appendicular skeleton
- all bones of upper and lower limbs
- bones that attach limb to axial skeleteon
what are the bone shapes
- long bone
- short bone
- flat bone
- irregular bone
- sesamoid bone
Define long bone and function
- longer than wide
- function as levers (move when muscles contract)
where are long bones found?
- arms (humerus, ulna, radius)
- legs (femur, fibula, tibia)
- fingers (metacarpals, phalanges)
- toes (metatarsals, phalanges)
Define short bones and function
- cube like, same width, length, and thickness
- provide stability and support
- some limited motion
Where are short bones found?
- carpals of wrist
- tarsals of ankles
Define flat bones and function
- thin and curved
- serve as point of attachment for muscles
- protect organs
Where are flat bones found?
- cranial bones
- scapulae (shoulder blade)
- sternum (breastbone)
- ribs
Define irregular bones and function
- does not have specific shape, complex
- support and protection
Where can irregular bones be found?
- vertebrae
- facial bones
Define sesamoid bones and function
- small found bone (ball)
- form in tendons where pressure is generated
- protect tendons from compressive forces
Where are sesamoid bones found?
- varies in every person
- usually in tendons of feet, hands, and knees
- patella
What is the patella?
- sesamoid bone found in common w/ every person
define articulation
- where two bone surfaces join
- they conform to one another (cupped and rounded)
define projection
- area of bone that projects above surface of bone
- attachment points for tendons and ligaments
- size and shape depends on forces
Define hole
- opening or groove
- allows blood vessels and nerves to enter the bone
- size and shape reflect the nerves and vessels coming in
What is the marking for a: prominent rounded surface
Head
What is the marking for a: flat surface
Facet
What is the marking for a: rounded surface
Condyle
What is the marking for a: projection from bone
Process
What is the marking for a: short, sharp projection
Spine
What is the marking for a: small rounded process
Tubercle
